Table 9.
Risk of severe CAC* for different subpopulations (non-smokers with no alcohol consumption history as reference).
| Subpopulation | OR (95% CI) | p value** |
| Smoking (-), Alcohol (-) | Reference | - |
| Smoking (+), Alcohol (-) | 1.47 (1.01, 2.15) | 0.046 |
| Smoking (+), Alcohol (+) | 1.78 (1.25, 2.53) | 0.001 |
Abbreviations: CAC, coronary artery calcification; CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio. Smoking (-), Alcohol (-): Non-alcohol-consumers who currently do not smoke. Smoking (+), Alcohol (-): Current smokers with no alcohol consumption history. Smoking (+), Alcohol (+): Alcohol consumers who currently smoke.
*Defined as CACS 1000.
**Adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and use of statins.