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. 2023 Aug 31;15(4):428–439. doi: 10.1177/19476035231194771

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© The Author(s) 2023

This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access page (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 1. — Eﬀects of IL-1β on the proliferation, chondrogenic differentiation, and senescence of SFZCs. SFZCs were treated with IL-1β (20 ng/ml) for the indicated number of days. (A) Cellular morphology and SA-β-gal staining. (B) Cell proliferation capacity was evaluated using cell counting and cell growth curves. (C) Protein levels of p53 were determined using western blot analysis. (D and E) mRNA Levels of SASP factors Mmp-3 and Mmp-13 were determined using RT-qPCR. (F) RT-qPCR analysis of four chondrogenic differentiation markers Sox9, Prg4, Aggrecan, and Col II at day 5. IL-1β = interleukin-1β; SFZCs = superficial zone cells in articular cartilage; SA-β-gal = senescence-associated β-galactosidase; mRNA = messenger RNA; SASP = senescence-associated secretory phenotype; RT-qPCR = reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.