Supplementary Table II (online only).
Risk of bias Newcastle-Ottawa for cohort studies
| Author | Summary: Selection (max. four stars) |
Summary: Comparability (max. two stars) |
Summary: Outcome (max. three stars) |
Quality |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascer E et al, 199527 | ☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆ | Poor |
| Gorty S et al, 200428 | ☆☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆☆ | Poor |
| Decousus H et al (POST), 20105 | ☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆☆ | Poor |
| Sartori M et al, 201629 | ☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆ | Poor |
| Samuelson B et al, 201630 | ☆☆ | – | ☆☆ | Poor |
| Blin P et al, 201731 | ☆☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆ | Poor |
| Barco S et al (ICARO), 201732 | ☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆☆ | Poor |
| Gouveia S et al, 201833 | ☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆ | Poor |
| Geersing GJ et al, 20183 | ☆☆ | – | ☆☆ | Poor |
| Karathanos C et al, 202134 | ☆☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆☆ | Poor |
| Karathanos C et al, 202335 | ☆☆☆☆ | ☆☆ | ☆☆☆ | Good |
| Clapham R,et al, 202236 | ☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆☆ | Poor |
| Rabe E et al, 202338 | ☆☆☆☆ | – | ☆☆ | Poor |
| Casian D et al, 202237 | ☆☆☆☆ | ☆ | ☆☆☆ | Good |
Thresholds for converting the Newcastle-Ottawa scales to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality standards (good, fair, and poor):
Good quality: 3 or 4 stars in selection domain AND 1 or 2 stars in comparability domain AND 2 or 3 stars in outcome/exposure domain;
Fair quality: 2 stars in selection domain AND 1 or 2 stars in comparability domain AND 2 or 3 stars in outcome/exposure domain;
Poor quality: 0 or 1 star in selection domain OR 0 stars in comparability domain OR 0 or 1 stars in outcome/exposure domain.