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. 2024 Oct 30;132(10):107009. doi: 10.1289/EHP14418

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EHP is an open-access journal published with support from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health. All content is public domain unless otherwise noted.

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Figures 4(A) to 4(C) are horizontal bar graphs titled General Cognitive Ability, Learning and Memory, and Executive Function, plotting bromine, copper, nickel, iron, lead, elemental carbon, vanadium, sulfate, calcium, nitrate, organic carbon, zinc, silicon, ammonium, potassium; copper, lead, vanadium, potassium, iron, organic carbon, bromine, nickel, zinc, elemental carbon, sulfate, silicon, calcium, ammonium, nitrate; and vanadium, iron, lead, copper, bromine, sulfate, nickel, zinc, organic carbon, nitrate, elemental carbon, ammonium, sulfate, potassium, calcium (y-axis) across component weights (unitless), ranging from 0.0 to 0.2 in increments of 0.1; 0.0 to 0.3 in increments of 0.1, and 0.0 to 0.2 in increments of 0.1 (x-axis), respectively. — Individual $particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript$ component weights from the mixture effects on neurocognitive performance in 9- to 10-year-old participants from the ABCD Study cohort ( $lowercase italic n equals 8,589$ ) from 2016 to 2018. Bar charts indicate weights of components contributing to the overall WQS mixture index for the three cognitive outcomes: (A) general cognitive ability, (B) learning & memory, and (C) executive function. Results from WQS regression models of the 15 $particulate matter begin subscript 2.5 end subscript$ components, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, overall household income, perceived neighborhood safety, urbanicity, physical activity, and daily screen average hours and site. Note: Br, bromine; Ca, calcium; Cu, copper; EC, elemental carbon; Fe, iron; K, potassium; ${NH}_{4}^{+}$ , ammonium; Ni, nickel; ${NO}_{3}^{-}$ , nitrate; OC, organic carbon; Pb, lead; Si, silicon; ${SO}_{4}^{2 -}$ , sulfate; V, vanadium; WQS, weighted quantile sum; Zn, zinc. Numeric data for Figure 4 can be found in Excel Tables S4–S6.