Table 2.

Risk factors associated with H. contortus in small ruminants in Apac district, northern Uganda.

Variable	Category	Prevalence		cOR, 95% CI			aOR, 95% CI
		Total examined	Percentage positive (%)	Crude odds ratio	95% CI	p value	Adjusted odds ratio	95% CI	p value
Origin (subcounty)	Nambieso	100	78.1	2.505	1.378–4.555	0.003	2.355	1.342–4.131	0.003
	Chawente	95	70.9	1.588	0.912–2.765	0.102	1.356	0.800–2.300	0.258
	Akokoro	94	74.6	1.889	1.053–3.389	0.033	1.867	1.079–3.231	0.026
	Inomo	92	73.6	1.641	0.916–2.941	0.096	1.657	0.960–2.859	0.070
	Chegere	102	80.3	3.208	1.733–5.939	≤ 0.001	2.504	1.409–4.452	0.002
	Ibuje	80	62.5	1
Species	Goat	260	67.7	0.64	0.431–0.953	0.028	0.64	0.431–0.953	0.028
	Sheep	303	78.9	1
Breed	Local	493	72.4	0.415	0.218–0.788	0.007	0.474	0.256–0.877	0.017
	Cross	70	82.4	1
Age	Adult	390	71	1
	Young	173	79	1.722	1.174–2.526	≤ 0.001	1.642	1.107–2.436	0.014
Faecal consistency	Normal	264	66.2	0.577	0.393–0.849	0.005	0.517	0.358–0.748	≤ 0.001
	Soft	299	81	1
Lactation status	No	388	69.3	0.547	0.356–0.841	0.006	0.547	0.356–0.841	0.006
	Yes	182	80.8	1
Grazing method	Freely grazing	171	66	1
	Tethering	392	77	1.702	1.173–2.468	0.005	1.68	1.165–2.421	0.005
Grazing mixed species	No	293	66.6	0.427	0.302–0.603	≤ 0.001	0.407	0.286–0.580	≤ 0.001
	Yes	270	82.3	1
Anthelmintic use	Yes	167	63.3	1
	No	396	78.6	1.888	1.346–2.649	≤ 0.001	1.968	1.368–2.832	≤ 0.001

Note: Significant p values are presented in bold.