Table 1. Patient demographics and tumor characteristics.
| Induction chemotherapy | Upfront surgery | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brain invasion cohort | Induction cohort with neurological deficit | Brain invasion cohort | Neurologic deficit cohort | |
| Total patients | 40 | 31 | 16 | 8 |
| Sex | 26 (65%) male | 18 (58.0%) male | 11 (68.8%) male | 5 (62.5%) male |
| 14 (35%) female | 13 (42.0%) female | 5 (31.2%) female | 3 (37.5%) female | |
| Age | 48.6, SD: 17.0 y | 55.1, SD: 12.8 y | 59.2, SD: 11.4 y | 69.1, SD: 14.0 y |
| Pathology | ||||
| Sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) | 16 (40%) | 12 (38.7%) | 1 (6.25%) | – |
| Esthesioneuroblastoma | 11 (27.5%) | 3 (9.7%) | 11 (68.8%) | 2 (25.0%) |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 3 (7.5%) | 8 (25.8%) | 1 (6.25%) | 2 (25.0%) |
| Neuroendocrine carcinoma | – | 6 (19.4%) | – | |
| Adenocarcinoma | – | – | 3 (18.8%) | 3 (37.5%) |
| Poorly differentiated carcinoma | 1 (2.5%) | 2 (6.5%) | – | – |
| Endodermal sinus tumor | 1 (2.5%) | – | – | – |
| Mucoepidermoid carcinoma | – | – | – | 1 (12.5%) |
| Stage | ||||
| T4 | 40 (100%) | 31 (100%) | 16 (100%) | 8 (100%) |
| N0 | 29 (72.5%) | 24 (77.4%) | 16 (100%) | 8 (100%) |
| N1–3 | 11 (27.5%) | 7 (22.6%%) | – | – |
| Tumor origin | ||||
| Nasal | 17 (42.5%) | 18 (58.0%) | 4 (25.0%) | 2 (25.0%) |
| Maxillary | 2 (5%) | 4 (12.9%) | – | 1 (12.5%) |
| Ethmoid | 20 (50%) | 6 (19.4%) | 12 (75%) | 5 (62.5%) |
| Sphenoid | – | 1 (3.2%) | – | – |
| Frontal | – | 2 (6.5%) | – | – |
| Tumor extension | ||||
| Bone | 40 (100%) | 31 (100%) | 16 (100%) | 8 (100%) |
| Orbital | 33 (82.5%) | 26 (83.9%) | 8 (50.0%) | 5 (62.5%) |
| Dural | 40 (100%) | 25 (80.6%) | 16 (100%) | 5 (62.5%) |
| Subdural | 40 (100%) | 15 (48.4%) | 16 (100%) | 4 (50.0%) |
| Brain invasion | 40 (100%) | 7 (22.6%) | 16 (100%) | 3 (37.5%) |
| Brain invasion w/ mass effect | 24 (60%) | 7 (22.6%) | 4 (25.0%) | 1 (12.5%) |
| Previous treatment | ||||
| Initial treatment | 35 (87.5%) | 29 (93.5%) | 12 (75%) | 6 (75.0%) |
| Previous treatment | 5 (12.5%) | 2 (6.5%) | 4 (25%) | 2 (25.0%) |
Abbreviation: SD, standard deviation.