TABLE 2.

Experimental models of the effects of irisin on depression.

Model	Dose (route)	Behavioral test	Main findings	References
C57BL/6mice	100 μg/kg (I.P)	TST, FST, OFT	Irisin treatment decreased the immobility time in the TST and FST; BDNF and IGF-1gene expressions were significantly increased	Pignataro et al. (2022)
C57BL/6 mice	0.5–1 ng/mouse (I.C.V)	TST, FST, OFT	Irisin reduced the immobility time in the TST and FST; Hippocampal PGC-1αand BDNF mRNA levels increased after 6 h of irisin treatment	Siteneski et al. (2018)
propofol-treated mice	0.5 mg/kg (I.P)	TST, FST	Irisin decreased immobility time in the TST and FST in propofol-treated mice; Irisin could protect neurons, inhibit cytokine increase in astrocyte cultures exposed to propofol, and reduce epidermal growth factor receptor expression on cell surfaces	Hou et al. (2020)
CUS rats	100 ng/mL or higher	FST, SPT	Irisin increased the activity of mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV, as well as the phosphorylation level of creatine kinase and glucose transport	Wang and Pan (2016)

Abbreviations: CUS, chronic unpredictable stress; ARS, acute restraint stress; TST, tail suspension test; OFT, open-field test; FST, forced swim test; SPT, saccharin preference test; I.P, intraperitoneal injection; I.C.V., intracerebroventricular.