Fig. 1. Primary epithelial culture methods.

Standard^77,78, organotypic^6,9,79,80 and organoid^51,81,82 primary cultures of esophageal, oral and bladder epithelium, compared with the esophageal epithelioid cultures described in the text. ^aExpansion of cells from primary tissue can be enhanced by addition of Y27632 to the media; this is not required for epithelioid cultures. 2D, two-dimensional; FCS, fetal calf serum.