Table 2.
Particle size (z-average), polydispersity index (PDI) and zeta potential for the ultrasonicated (US) and spray-dried (SD) CWP powders.
| Samples | Z-average (nm) | Poly dispersity index (PDI) | Zeta potential (mv) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 878.3 ± 10.9a | 0.692 ± 0.021c | −18.7 ± 0.9ab |
| SD-170 | 400.0 ± 15.5d | 0.447 ± 0.032d | −18.6 ± 1.3ab |
| SD-185 | 215.1 ± 6.4f | 0.643 ± 0.048c | −21.6 ± 0.7b |
| SD-200 | 352.7 ± 10.7e | 0.426 ± 0.053d | −17.2 ± 1.8a |
| US-5 | 778.3 ± 21.3b | 1.000 ± 0.000a | −18.3 ± 0.6ab |
| US-10 | 466.1 ± 14.1c | 0.849 ± 0.011b | −18.9 ± 1.4ab |
| US-15 | 360.8 ± 4.2e | 0.469 ± 0.035d | −21.5 ± 2.3b |
Control: freeze-dried CWP; SD: spray-dried samples at 170 °C (SD-170), 185 °C(SD-185), and 200 °C (SD-200); US: Sonicated samples for 5 mins (US-15), 10 mins (US-10), and 15 mins (US-15). Values are expressed as mean ± SD.