Table 1.

Characteristics of the ROS/MAP dataset

	N	Percent
Sex
Female	460	71
Male	188	29
Clinical diagnosis at death
Normal cognition	234	36.1
Mild cognitive impairment	187	28.9
Alzheimer’s dementia	225	34.7
Other dementia	2	0.3

	Mean (SD)	Median	Range	Missing
Age at baseline visit	81.7 (6.7)	81.9	64.4–100.5	0
Age at death	90.1 (6.3)	90.7	71.2–108.3	0
Post-mortem interval (hours)	8.2 (5.1)	6.8	2.2–39.0	0
Education (years)	15.3 (3.3)	16	4.0–28.0	0

	Present	Percent	Missing
Gross infarct (present)	278	43	0
Micro infarct (present)	236	36	0
Lewy Body disease (present)	141	22	23
Hippocampal sclerosis	48	7	0
TDP-43	323	50	5

	Mean (SD)	Median	Range	Missing
Beta-amyloid	1.8 (1.2)	1.9	0.0–4.5	1
Neurofibrillary tangles	2.2 (1.2)	2	0.0–6.5	1
Cerebral atherosclerosis	1.1 (0.8)	1	0.0–3.0	1
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy	1.2 (0.9)	1	0.0–3.0	1
Arteriolosclerosis	1.1 (0.9)	1	0.0–3.0	2

	Mean (SD)	Median	Range
Trajectory—global cognition	– 0.001 (0.087)	0.021	– 0.360 to 0.180
Trajectory—working memory	– 0.003 (0.047)	0.005	– 0.224 to 0.105
Trajectory—semantic memory	0.009 (0.089)	0.031	– 0.639 to 0.184
Trajectory—episodic memory	0.000 (0.096)	0.016	– 0.317 to 0.222
Trajectory—perceptual speed	– 0.007 (0.076)	0.003	– 0.300 to 0.213
Trajectory—perceptual orientation	– 0.003 (0.039)	0.001	– 0.188 to 0.112

Pathology measurements are described in Sect. Phenotype data. Briefly, beta-amyloid is represented by the percent area occupied by beta-amyloid averaged over eight brain regions. Neurofibrillary tangles are represented by the cortical paired helical filament (PHF) tau density (per mm²) averaged over eight brain regions. Cerebral atherosclerosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and arteriolosclerosis are represented by semiquantitative variables with values 0–3 for none, mild, moderate, severe, respectively