FIGURE 1.

Stages of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in left heart disease (LHD). ACC: American College of Cardiology; AHA: American Heart Association; HF: heart failure; LA: left atrial; WHO FC: World Health Organization functional class; ipcPH: isolated post-capillary pulmonary hypertension; cpcPH: combined post- and pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension; CO: cardiac output; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP: pulmonary artery wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; PA: pulmonary artery; RV: right ventricle; SGLTi: sodium glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor; GLP: glucagon-like peptide. ^#: disease-specific guidelines must be applied, i.e. HF (HF with reduced ejection fraction, HF with mid-range ejection fraction, HF with preserved ejection fraction), specific cardiomyopathies, valvular heart diseases. Created with BioRender.com.