TABLE 1.

Selected common left heart disease (LHD) comorbidities and risk factors

Common LHD comorbidities	Common LHD risk factors
Obesity	Hypercholesterolaemia
Systemic hypertension	Tobacco use and second-hand smoke exposure
Coronary artery disease	Sedentary lifestyle
Diabetes	Illicit drug use
Valvular heart disease	Chronic alcohol use
Arrhythmia	Infectious exposures in endemic regions
Mild reduction in left ventricular systolic function
Peripheral artery disease