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. 2024 Oct 17;11:1476734. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1476734

Table 2.

Changes of fatty acid content in walnut oil before and after oxidation.

Fatty acids Time HO (ug/mL) ZO (ug/mL) AC (ug/mL) 35%-SO (ug/mL) SP (ug/mL) TBHQ (ug/mL) BHA (ug/mL) NMS (ug/mL)
C6:0 Onset 4.9 ± 0.1a 8.1 ± 0.4cd 4.6 ± 0.7a 8.5 ± 3.3d 5.5 ± 0.6b 5.6 ± 0.6b 6.5 ± 1.4bc 4.7 ± 1.6a
End 5.3 ± 0.5a 8.5 ± 0.4d 6.7 ± 0.6b 8.2 ± 0.4 7.5 ± 2.5c 5.7 ± 0.6a 6.6 ± 0.6b 7.7 ± 0.2c
C8:0 Onset 5.3 ± 0.2a 6.2 ± 0.1b 5.2 ± 0.2a 7.1 ± 2.1c 5.6 ± 0.2a 5.4 ± 0.1a 6 ± 0.5b 5 ± 0.4a
End 5.4 ± 0.1a 8.3 ± 0.4c 6.1 ± 0.2b 6.6 ± 0.1b 6.7 ± 1.8b 5.6 ± 0.4a 5.8 ± 0.5a 6.3 ± 0.3b
C10:0 Onset 3.6 ± 0.1a 4.5 ± 0.2b 3.4 ± 0.1a 4.3 ± 1b 3.6 ± 0.1a 3.6 ± 0.2a 4 ± 0.4b 3.4 ± 0.1a
End 3.5 ± 0.1a 4.5 ± 0.1c 3.7 ± 0.2b 3.8 ± 0.1b 4.2 ± 1.1c 3.5 ± 0.4a 3.6 ± 0a 3.8 ± 0.1ab
C11:0 Onset 6.1 ± 0.1a 6.1 ± 0.1a 5.9 ± 0.1a 7.6 ± 2c 6.1 ± 0.2a 6.2 ± 0a 6.4 ± 0.4b 6 ± 0.3ab
End 6.1 ± 0.1a 6.2 ± 0.1a 6.2 ± 0.1a 6.1 ± 0.1a 6.7 ± 1.4b 5.9 ± 0.2a 6.3 ± 0.2b 6.3 ± 0.1b
C12:0 Onset 6.4 ± 0.2b 7.6 ± 0.2c 5.8 ± 0.3a 7.4 ± 1.3c 6.3 ± 0.2b 6.8 ± 0.3b 6.5 ± 0.9b 6.4 ± 0.3b
End 5.8 ± 0.1a 7.8 ± 0.6c 6.7 ± 0.5b 6.7 ± 0.2b 7.1 ± 0.8b 6.2 ± 0.2a 6.4 ± 0.4ab 6.9 ± 0.3b
C13:0 Onset 6.5 ± 0.1a 6.1 ± 0.2a 6.2 ± 0.1a 7.8 ± 2.1b 6.3 ± 0.1a 6.5 ± 0.2a 6.7 ± 0.4a 6.4 ± 0.4a
End 6.3 ± 0.1a 6.3 ± 0.1a 6.4 ± 0.3a 6.3 ± 0.2a 7.3 ± 1.6b 6.3 ± 0.2a 6.7 ± 0.2b 6.6 ± 0.3a
C14:0 Onset 60.4 ± 1.8c 58.3 ± 3.8b 56.8 ± 2.1b 53.1 ± 2a 56.9 ± 3.3b 62.5 ± 4.8c 60.7 ± 3.6c 67.3 ± 10.3d
End 50.5 ± 3.8a 60.4 ± 4.9d 63.2 ± 5.8e 54.1 ± 1.7b 64.2 ± 2.9e 58.1 ± 4.5c 58.2 ± 9.4c 76.1 ± 2.3f
C14:1 T Onset 514.2 ± 45.2c 519.4 ± 98.5d 449.8 ± 55.5a 508.4 ± 4.6b 529.9 ± 42.3f 556.2 ± 55.5g 523.7 ± 12.9e 561.6 ± 7 h
End 392.3 ± 40.8a 586.3 ± 66.2e 582.9 ± 100.8e 492.3 ± 33.3b 517.1 ± 53.1d 585.2 ± 27.6e 584 ± 21.1e 508.1 ± 35.6c
C14:1 Onset 8932.3 ± 663.2b 8883.3 ± 2285.4b 6812.4 ± 2210.1ab 8321.7 ± 2467.4b 8192.5 ± 1891.2b 8344.6 ± 2015.4b 4515.4 ± 2281.9a 4251.4 ± 1482.9a
End 5669.8 ± 204.7ab 10506.7 ± 1057.8c 9828.3 ± 2391.6bc 8719.2 ± 777.1b 7885.9 ± 2138b 6850.5 ± 2130.5b 3505.6 ± 1638.9a 4856.6 ± 743.9ab
C15:0 Onset 68.5 ± 2.1cd 20.1 ± 0.5a 62.3 ± 1.4cd 47 ± 1b 61.5 ± 3.9cd 70 ± 4.7cd 66.9 ± 3.3cd 74.2 ± 11.9d
End 56.8 ± 5.1cd 20.4 ± 0.8a 68.9 ± 6.2cd 47.3 ± 1.5b 70.8 ± 1.8cd 64.7 ± 4.8cd 64.8 ± 9.1cd 82.7 ± 2.9d
C15:1 T Onset 101.2 ± 12.3a 120.8 ± 1ab 132 ± 16.8bc 153.1 ± 13.4cd 142.7 ± 1.9b 149 ± 7.4c 174 ± 22.2d 193.4 ± 7.8f
End 118.3 ± 5.9a 185.9 ± 48.3bc 166.7 ± 26.7b 137.9 ± 26.6b 143.1 ± 15.3b 196.6 ± 43bc 225.5 ± 29.3c 155.8 ± 22.4b
C15:1 Onset 135.6 ± 11.3ab 138.8 ± 18.6ab 131 ± 13.3a 142.9 ± 5.3ab 147.9 ± 9.3ab 153.8 ± 13.6bc 149.7 ± 4ab 163 ± 4.6d
End 111.5 ± 6.9a 163.1 ± 19.6b 161.2 ± 22.5b 139.7 ± 10.1b 142 ± 15.7b 169.3 ± 13.6b 167.3 ± 12.9b 146.9 ± 11.7b
C16:0 Onset 23601.3 ± 744.1ab 28142.3 ± 1477.4c 21344.2 ± 950.4a 20496.5 ± 2224.4a 20567.3 ± 1806.1a 23875.2 ± 2132.8ab 22953.6 ± 1435.2a 26136.9 ± 5291.9bc
End 18505.8 ± 2033.1ab 28469.7 ± 2333.3c 23696.2 ± 2621ab 21917.6 ± 1312.7a 24561.2 ± 788.4ab 21861.3 ± 2010.7a 21620.4 ± 4564.6a 30205.7 ± 1039.4c
C16:1 T Onset 333.2 ± 43.1ab 347.6 ± 57.3ab 307.8 ± 35.9a 345.5 ± 5.9ab 361.1 ± 30.4b 380.2 ± 34.1b 362.4 ± 5.1ab 391.6 ± 6.9b
End 272.6 ± 24.9a 405.1 ± 44.8b 394.7 ± 64.8b 342.5 ± 21.4ab 351.3 ± 42.6ab 398.3 ± 19.6b 397.6 ± 15.8b 353.1 ± 26.1ab
C16:1 Onset 1103.2 ± 63.6c 813.5 ± 97.3a 1022.6 ± 43.7bc 919.5 ± 48.8ab 1080.1 ± 91.5bc 1181.3 ± 101.8c 1133.9 ± 51.7cd 1275.9 ± 155.8d
End 883.1 ± 88.5a 883 ± 74.1a 1210.6 ± 148.3ab 945.2 ± 2.6a 1158.8 ± 55.1ab 1133.8 ± 74.7ab 1162.2 ± 119.6ab 1364.2 ± 35.3b
C17:0 Onset 166.7 ± 4.8bc 138.4 ± 6.6ab 153.7 ± 2.1ab 133.3 ± 7.3a 148.1 ± 12.8ab 169.6 ± 12.5bc 163.5 ± 9.1bcd 182.1 ± 31.7d
End 137.3 ± 13.5a 140.8 ± 11.5a 167.2 ± 17.6b 138.8 ± 6.2a 173.7 ± 4.6 156.4 ± 11.3ab 155.6 ± 23.7ab 203.2 ± 5.8c
C17:1 T Onset 163.6 ± 9.4a 160.1 ± 27.2a 141.1 ± 16.3a 157.5 ± 15.9a 162.6 ± 11.3a 165.1 ± 14.3a 145 ± 0.7a 155.9 ± 13.2a
End 126.1 ± 7.4a 184 ± 14.8c 174.7 ± 18.1b 159.8 ± 9b 156.4 ± 22.9ab 172.9 ± 13.5bc 147.9 ± 13.7ab 144.6 ± 11.5ab
C17:1 Onset 261.1 ± 14.2a 235.5 ± 29.8a 234.2 ± 17.9a 233.2 ± 31.4a 252 ± 14.3a 257.7 ± 26.7a 224.6 ± 22.9a 237.3 ± 32.4a
End 208.3 ± 13.1a 266.8 ± 18.6bc 275.8 ± 22c 244.8 ± 7.7b 255.8 ± 32.2b 265.4 ± 30.8bc 200.1 ± 21.5a 248.3 ± 23.2b
C18:0 Onset 6268.7 ± 174.6ab 15,719 ± 802.8d 5529.6 ± 115.3ab 7438.2 ± 787c 5290.3 ± 548.4a 6147.5 ± 583.5abc 5892.4 ± 370.3ab 6779.7 ± 1445.5abc
End 4882.6 ± 584.8a 16149.3 ± 1486.9e 6014.2 ± 678.4b 8078.4 ± 379.6d 6539.1 ± 101.8b 5,600 ± 439.2a 5619.2 ± 1072.6a 7695.3 ± 244.2c
C18:1 N12T Onset 113.5 ± 6.1a 126.2 ± 21.2ab 110.1 ± 6.5a 125.5 ± 2.1ab 130.3 ± 14.5ab 134.6 ± 14.2ab 139.3 ± 20.1ab 153 ± 22.2b
End 93.5 ± 6.4a 141.2 ± 14.4b 135.6 ± 30.9ab 124 ± 7.6ab 125.7 ± 4ab 138.9 ± 14ab 164.7 ± 15.2b 140 ± 20.7ab
C18:1 N9T Onset 194.7 ± 6.2a 230.3 ± 29ab 213.5 ± 8.5a 229.8 ± 16ab 244.4 ± 26.3abc 267.9 ± 19.2c 291.5 ± 41.4c 322.6 ± 49.2d
End 179.7 ± 21.2a 248 ± 20.3b 249.5 ± 59.5b 227.2 ± 11.8b 247.7 ± 4b 268.4 ± 17.3b 335.3 ± 10.6c 279.7 ± 33.2bc
C18:1 N7T Onset 315.1 ± 28.9a 346.1 ± 47.3a 288.4 ± 29.5a 320 ± 7.4a 334.3 ± 35.7a 342.8 ± 34.4a 306.9 ± 23.7a 311.2 ± 45.5a
End 256.4 ± 18.4a 378.1 ± 34.9c 361.8 ± 58.9c 321.6 ± 18.1bc 326.7 ± 35.9bc 351.2 ± 12.6bc 301.7 ± 25.8b 314 ± 10.8b
C18:1 N12 Onset 1265.9 ± 208.5a 2303.1 ± 681.4a 2800.5 ± 1544.9ab 2671.2 ± 2367.5ab 2669.8 ± 1603.3ab 2889.4 ± 887.7ab 3,489 ± 1635.1ab 5322.3 ± 812.7b
End 1320.9 ± 64.4a 993.3 ± 212.5a 2091.1 ± 1213.9ab 1,191 ± 147.8a 3090.3 ± 383.5b 2453.7 ± 817.7ab 5113.4 ± 1140.9c 7258.4 ± 3381.1d
C18:1 N9c Onset 38650.8 ± 1942.9a 80728.6 ± 574.8c 36216.1 ± 1412.7a 46504.3 ± 4343.8b 34740.7 ± 2217.8a 40229.4 ± 3155.7ab 40188.4 ± 2102.1ab 46478.5 ± 8498.4b
End 32074.9 ± 3529.8a 78498.3 ± 3009.2c 39953.2 ± 3527.3a 49146.6 ± 2400.8b 40849.1 ± 486.8a 37811.9 ± 3787.7ab 39509.1 ± 6182.9ab 53486.7 ± 2593.5b
C18:1 N7 Onset 3706.4 ± 195.3ab 5156.5 ± 2883.5b 3346.4 ± 80.6ab 2916.4 ± 272a 3326.7 ± 275.8ab 3842.9 ± 410ab 3723.4 ± 215.6ab 4353.1 ± 907.9ab
End 2941.7 ± 392.5a 5214.3 ± 2677.8b 3850.6 ± 403.5ab 3133.3 ± 137a 3963.8 ± 159.2ab 3502.4 ± 313.3ab 3564.2 ± 646.7ab 4886.5 ± 211.9ab
C18:2 N6T Onset 96.6 ± 8.2ab 108.5 ± 13.5b 87.4 ± 4.8a 102.5 ± 1.2b 103 ± 6.6b 105.1 ± 9.2b 101.1 ± 0.8b 110.4 ± 4.7b
End 84.6 ± 3.8a 116.7 ± 8b 107.2 ± 16.4b 99.9 ± 5ab 99.6 ± 6.3ab 106.7 ± 6.1b 108.8 ± 6.8b 105.7 ± 7.8b
C19:1 N12T Onset 110.2 ± 9.8a 130 ± 8.2ab 112.1 ± 1.2a 113.3 ± 3.8a 122.4 ± 35.4a 121.8 ± 24.1ab 110.3 ± 11.5a 101.7 ± 14.5a
End 104.6 ± 5ab 151 ± 24.6c 123.8 ± 40.4b 105 ± 12.9ab 102 ± 17.3a 140.7 ± 5.8c 99.3 ± 16.2a 91.4 ± 18.9a
C19:1 N9T Onset 46.1 ± 2.8ab 60.9 ± 3b 47.9 ± 1.9ab 49.9 ± 4.4a 47.7 ± 11.9abb 45.9 ± 5.7ab 47.6 ± 6.2ab 43.4 ± 6.6a
End 44.7 ± 6.5a 62.2 ± 8.3b 47.9 ± 10.1a 45 ± 7.2a 43.6 ± 8.2a 55.8 ± 3.4ab 43 ± 5.1a 40.7 ± 7.5a
C18:2 N6 Onset 119210.3 ± 3385.5ab 110,880 ± 4524.4a 122,005 ± 1630.2bc 113700.2 ± 10086.5abc 125,209 ± 5374.4b 130993.5 ± 6867.1b 133367.3 ± 4762.8c 146724.8 ± 12270.7d
End 116956.6 ± 8696a 110735.8 ± 6984.1a 132690.2 ± 5172.9bc 118632.3 ± 3065abc 123147.8 ± 1529.2b 128985.4 ± 10929.2b 138523.9 ± 9796c 154891.7 ± 2179.4d
C20:0 Onset 228 ± 13a 1795.7 ± 111.9c 206.2 ± 10.9a 586.7 ± 59.7b 199.5 ± 17.6a 227.2 ± 20.8a 225 ± 11.9a 266.5 ± 52.5a
End 181.8 ± 24.8a 1776.4 ± 136.6c 223.1 ± 22.7a 633.3 ± 27.5b 237.8 ± 7.7a 215 ± 20.6a 221.3 ± 40.3a 299.2 ± 5.9a
C18:3 N6 Onset 61.5 ± 5.6a 58.2 ± 1.8a 64.4 ± 8.1a 59.2 ± 2.6a 65.6 ± 5.6a 86 ± 7.1ab 88.7 ± 10.7ab 123.1 ± 19.5c
End 57.4 ± 4.3a 59.8 ± 3.8a 75.6 ± 18.1ab 54.1 ± 1.1a 78.8 ± 6.2ab 88.9 ± 17.7b 101.6 ± 16.1bc 105.2 ± 19.6bc
C20:1 T Onset 117.7 ± 11.9a 119.8 ± 15.8a 118.5 ± 5.7a 121.3 ± 8.5a 135.8 ± 5.5ab 152.9 ± 12.1b 171.2 ± 24.1b 240.7 ± 13.2c
End 104.2 ± 9.5a 133 ± 8.3ab 151.5 ± 29.5ab 118.6 ± 4.4a 133.2 ± 8.1ab 173.5 ± 17.7b 215.8 ± 1.2c 191.2 ± 35.3b
C20:1 Onset 10665.5 ± 434.4c 558.3 ± 41.1a 9917.4 ± 309.4c 6136.9 ± 401b 9658.5 ± 955.2c 11257.7 ± 1216.6cd 11064.4 ± 837.9cd 12862.8 ± 2599.1d
End 8620.9 ± 1012.9c 582.8 ± 44.3a 11094.5 ± 1176.7c 6477.3 ± 396.4b 11582.5 ± 169.6c 10251.2 ± 1121.5cd 10520.7 ± 2042cd 14972.7 ± 560.1d
C18:3 N3 Onset 31309.8 ± 1287.2ab 909.3 ± 70.4a 27794.9 ± 1381.2c 17155.8 ± 2132.5b 27842.5 ± 2208.1c 31864.6 ± 2850.7cd 31173.5 ± 1753.6cd 36790.3 ± 7592.1e
End 24389.4 ± 3698.1b 905.5 ± 76.4a 31606.4 ± 2531.9d 18527.2 ± 1266.1b 32815.1 ± 1210.8d 28650.4 ± 2935.8c 29088.7 ± 6196.3c 42728.7 ± 2027.4e
C21:0 Onset 42.1 ± 1.2a 29.1 ± 1.5a 37.6 ± 0.6a 34.1 ± 1a 36.4 ± 1.9a 41.2 ± 3.1a 39.8 ± 1.8a 44.8 ± 7.4a
End 35.3 ± 2.8a 28.9 ± 1.7a 39.8 ± 3.2a 34 ± 1.7a 43.4 ± 2.4ab 37.6 ± 2.4a 37.8 ± 4.6a 50.1 ± 0.2b
C20:2 Onset 126.4 ± 9.9a 127 ± 8.2a 113.5 ± 3.3a 121.2 ± 8.4a 124.2 ± 8a 133.3 ± 12.5a 126.1 ± 2a 153.1 ± 23.1b
End 109.6 ± 8.4a 131.9 ± 6.8ab 133.6 ± 12.3ab 117.3 ± 3.3a 128 ± 1.2ab 129.7 ± 14.2ab 132.9 ± 4.6ab 160.7 ± 7.9c
C22:0 Onset 67.7 ± 4.1a 318.9 ± 15c 62.1 ± 1.1a 120.3 ± 9.7b 59.4 ± 4.2a 67.1 ± 5.7a 65.7 ± 3.4a 73.7 ± 12.9a
End 56 ± 6.4a 324.9 ± 26.7c 65.6 ± 4.9a 126.8 ± 6.6b 73.5 ± 1.5a 63.6 ± 5.1a 63.2 ± 8.6a 84.5 ± 1.2a
C20:3 N6 Onset 96 ± 7.3a 102.4 ± 13.3a 100.3 ± 11.6a 113.3 ± 16.6ab 115.8 ± 10.5ab 121.8 ± 13b 109.7 ± 8.1ab 110.4 ± 1.9ab
End 86.4 ± 6.4a 113 ± 12a 131.9 ± 21b 106.6 ± 4.7a 111.9 ± 5.7a 120.8 ± 2ab 126.6 ± 16.1ab 120.7 ± 2.2ab
C22:1 N9T Onset 134.7 ± 12b 131.7 ± 19.9b 114.9 ± 9.4a 132.4 ± 18.1b 135.7 ± 7.2b 145.7 ± 22.7b 167.4 ± 20.8b 178.4 ± 22.3c
End 112.6 ± 11.3a 151.1 ± 11.1b 149 ± 21b 127.8 ± 2.7a 127.5 ± 14.6a 150.3 ± 13.5b 198.5 ± 31.3c 177.8 ± 15.7bc
C22:1 N9 Onset 85.1 ± 10.2b 81.6 ± 15.9b 60.7 ± 7.1a 83 ± 14.9b 81.8 ± 5.1b 79.2 ± 14.3b 61.9 ± 7.9a 82.6 ± 11b
End 67.8 ± 10.2a 99.7 ± 8.2c 82 ± 14b 74.6 ± 2.4a 69.6 ± 11.2a 76.6 ± 16.1a 75.5 ± 9.8a 91.6 ± 6.2c
C20:3 N3 Onset 22.9 ± 2.7a 20.8 ± 2.8a 18.1 ± 0.9a 25.7 ± 0.9a 21.9 ± 1.8a 23.1 ± 3.7a 21.8 ± 0.3a 24.7 ± 3a
End 22.3 ± 2a 21.8 ± 0.7a 25.1 ± 3.2a 20.3 ± 0.9a 23.1 ± 2.1a 21.8 ± 5.6a 23.8 ± 3.7a 30.2 ± 0.8b
C20:4 N6 Onset 35.4 ± 6.4b 32.7 ± 3.2b 24.9 ± 1.9a 40.6 ± 1.2c 33.6 ± 5.2b 32.1 ± 5.6ab 29.1 ± 1.7ab 35.9 ± 5.9b
End 34.1 ± 3.3a 35.5 ± 1a 33.7 ± 3.9a 30.5 ± 3.2a 30.1 ± 2.4a 29.5 ± 10.3a 33.1 ± 6.6a 41.6 ± 2.7ab
C23:0 Onset 30.6 ± 0.6a 58.2 ± 2.3c 28.6 ± 0.7a 37.1 ± 1.4b 28 ± 1.6a 30.3 ± 3a 30.4 ± 1.4a 31.6 ± 4a
End 27.5 ± 1a 57.7 ± 3.7c 30.5 ± 2.1a 35.8 ± 1.4ab 33 ± 2.4ab 28.2 ± 1.9a 29 ± 2.4a 36.1 ± 1.2ab
C22:2 Onset 48.7 ± 6a 48.2 ± 5.6a 44.4 ± 0.7a 49.5 ± 7.6a 52.5 ± 5ab 55.6 ± 6.5ab 52.9 ± 2.7ab 63.8 ± 4.6b
End 46.4 ± 4.4a 53.9 ± 1.4ab 55.2 ± 4.7ab 46.8 ± 1.8a 46.8 ± 3.8a 54.9 ± 7.9ab 65 ± 3b 63.8 ± 6.2b
C20:5 N3 Onset 26.7 ± 2.9a 22.9 ± 2.2a 19.5 ± 0.8a 29.9 ± 6.6a 24 ± 2.7a 24.3 ± 3.2a 30.4 ± 14.4a 27.7 ± 4.5a
End 23.7 ± 2.9a 24.1 ± 1.1a 24.1 ± 2.5a 22.6 ± 1.4a 28.5 ± 10.8ab 23.7 ± 5.3a 24.7 ± 4.1a 27.2 ± 2.6ab
C24:0 Onset 27 ± 1.3a 174.9 ± 7.4c 24 ± 0.4a 61.5 ± 6.1b 23.5 ± 1.4a 25.8 ± 2a 25.5 ± 2.1a 26.7 ± 3.8a
End 22.5 ± 1.9a 179.6 ± 11.2c 25.6 ± 2.1a 65.8 ± 3.4b 27.8 ± 0.8a 24.2 ± 2a 24.6 ± 1.8a 30.2 ± 1.1a
C24:1 Onset 407.7 ± 62.3c 394.8 ± 54.9bc 288.5 ± 13.6a 358.1 ± 91.7bc 381 ± 10.7bc 363.6 ± 58.8bc 323.8 ± 49.9b 432.5 ± 35.6c
End 339 ± 54a 460.5 ± 27.7c 370 ± 45.9a 394.6 ± 10.9b 328.4 ± 81.9a 402.7 ± 45bc 368.9 ± 39.2b 392.5 ± 36.1b
C22:4 Onset 33 ± 4.6c 22.7 ± 2.6ab 14.3 ± 1.2a 23.7 ± 2.5ab 22.9 ± 1.7ab 21.7 ± 6.2ab 18.4 ± 0.9a 27.9 ± 5.3ab
End 24.8 ± 6.7b 25.5 ± 1.7b 23.3 ± 4.3b 20.4 ± 1.8a 18.2 ± 1.9a 19.4 ± 6a 23.2 ± 6.8b 38.9 ± 26.6c
C22:5 N6 Onset 29.3 ± 5.6c 20.8 ± 3b 10.6 ± 1.1a 23.4 ± 3.8b 24.2 ± 6.3b 18.7 ± 5.7ab 15.1 ± 0.9ab 24.5 ± 4.2bc
End 23.6 ± 6b 23.2 ± 1.2b 19.5 ± 4ab 17.4 ± 2.3a 13.7 ± 1.5a 16.4 ± 6.4a 20.4 ± 8.4ab 24.7 ± 3.2b
C22:5 N3 Onset 24.7 ± 8.1c 18 ± 1.7ab 8.5 ± 0.2a 21 ± 5.1b 17.7 ± 3.5ab 15 ± 4.9ab 12.1 ± 1.7a 19.5 ± 3.1ab
End 23 ± 7b 21.4 ± 2.3b 15.7 ± 3.8a 14.7 ± 2.2a 12.4 ± 1.8a 14.9 ± 5.4a 16.8 ± 6.5a 22.1 ± 3.8b
C22:6 N3 Onset 29.6 ± 11.9c 23.2 ± 4.7ab 12.3 ± 1.2a 27.6 ± 5.6bc 21.4 ± 3.4b 21.5 ± 7.5b 17.1 ± 2.2a 27.2 ± 2.5bc
End 30.4 ± 9.2bc 28 ± 2b 26.5 ± 5.3b 22 ± 2.8ab 19.6 ± 0.7a 21.4 ± 7.3a 26.5 ± 9.3ab 32.2 ± 4.2c

The results are presented mean ± SD (n = 3). Different letters indicated that the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05).