Table 1. Unmatched Baseline Characteristicsa.
| No./total No. (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Age <65 y (n = 13 849) | Age 65-80 y (n = 125 846) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 59.7 (4.8) | 74.1 (4.2) | <.001 |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 9068/13 849 (65.5) | 77 817/125 843 (61.8) | <.001 |
| Female | 4781/13 849 (34.5) | 48 026/125 843 (38.2) | |
| Race and Ethnicityb | |||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 97/13 849 (0.7) | 392/125 846 (0.3) | <.001 |
| Asian | 121/13 849 (0.9) | 970/125 846 (0.8) | .19 |
| Black | 1037/13 849 (7.5) | 5135/125 846 (4.1) | <.001 |
| Hispanic | 1166/13 649 (8.5) | 6278/123 939 (5.1) | <.001 |
| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander | 21/13 849 (0.2) | 116/125 846 (0.1) | .034 |
| White | 11 935/13 849 (86.2) | 115 209/125 846 (91.5) | <.001 |
| Multiple | 140/13 849 (1.0) | 1000/125 846 (0.8) | .007 |
| Unknown | 498/13 849 (3.6) | 3024/125 846 (2.4) | <.001 |
| STS risk score, mean (SD), % | 3.1 (3.5) | 3.3 (3.2) | <.001 |
| STS risk score, median (IQR) | 2.0 (1.2-3.6) | 2.3 (1.5-3.9) | <.001 |
| 4 | 10 463/13 461 (77.7) | 93 686/122 922 (76.2) | <.001 |
| 4-8 | 2107/13 461 (15.7) | 22 102/122 922 (18) | <.001 |
| >8 | 891/13 461 (6.6) | 7134/122 922 (5.8) | <.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 33.6 (15.9) | 31.2 (10.7) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 11619/13 847 (83.9) | 113 076/125 833 (89.9) | <.001 |
| Diabetes | 6551/13 842 (47.3) | 55 223/125 817 (43.9) | <.001 |
| Currently receiving dialysis | 1613/13 830 (11.7) | 5041/125 700 (4.0) | <.001 |
| Chronic lung disease | 4479/13 822 (32.4) | 34 067/125 671 (27.1) | <.001 |
| Hostile chest | 680/13 846 (4.9) | 3354/125 816 (2.7) | <.001 |
| Immunocompromise present | 1248/12 648 (9.9) | 7517/113 819 (6.6) | <.001 |
| Endocarditis | 119/13 845 (0.9) | 414/125 819 (0.3) | <.001 |
| Permanent pacemaker | 581/13 845 (4.2) | 8847/125 818 (7.0) | <.001 |
| Previous ICD | 391/13 840 (2.8) | 2939/125 831 (2.3) | <.001 |
| Prior PCI | 3395/13 842 (24.5) | 37 257/125 814 (29.6) | <.001 |
| Prior CABG | 1405/13 843 (10.1) | 15 960/125 817 (12.7) | <.001 |
| Prior stroke | 1258/13 847 (9.1) | 12 155/125 821 (9.7) | .03 |
| Prior TIA | 562/13 845 (4.1) | 7181/125 778 (5.7) | <.001 |
| Previous cardiac surgeries | 1713/13 791 (12.4) | 17 168/125 377 (13.7) | <.001 |
| Prior aortic valve procedure | 402/13 843 (2.9) | 2389/125 825 (1.9) | <.001 |
| Carotid stenosis | 1279/12 670 (10.1) | 18 035/116 890 (15.4) | <.001 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 2375/13 844 (17.2) | 23 838/125 824 (18.9) | <.001 |
| Prior myocardial infarction | 2568/13 840 (18.6) | 21 225/125 779 (16.9) | <.001 |
| Heart failure within 2 wk | 8715/12 651 (68.9) | 74 481/113 982 (65.3) | <.001 |
| Cardiogenic shock within 24 h | 312/13 845 (2.3) | 964/125 742 (0.8) | <.001 |
| Cardiac arrest within 24 h | 60/13 835 (0.4) | 260/125 739 (0.2) | <.001 |
| Porcelain aorta | 202/13 844 (1.5) | 1077/125 792 (0.9) | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter | 2795/13 843 (20.2) | 37 054/125 801 (29.5) | <.001 |
| Home oxygen | 1133/13 834 (8.2) | 7937/125 728 (6.3) | <.001 |
| NYHA class III/IV | 8848/13 684 (64.7) | 76 256/124 698 (61.2) | <.001 |
| KCCQ overall summary score, mean (SD) | 47.7 (26.3) | 52.9 (25.8) | <.001 |
| Current/recent smoking (<1 y) | 2904/10 158 (28.6) | 10 759/80 913 (13.3) | <.001 |
| 5- m Walk test, mean (SD), s | 6.6 (5.8) | 7.0 (4.9) | <.001 |
| Hemoglobin, mean (SD), g/dL | 12.8 (2.3) | 12.7 (2.1) | .009 |
| Albumin, mean (SD), g/dL | 3.9 (0.6) | 3.9 (0.5) | <.001 |
| GFR, mean (SD), mL/min | 68.9 (33.1) | 65.9 (25.7) | <.001 |
| Left main stenosis ≥50% | 521/13 095 (4.0) | 5928/119 230 (5.0) | <.001 |
| Proximal LAD ≥70% | 1204/13 045 (9.2) | 13 186/119 021 (11.1) | <.001 |
| Echocardiographic characteristics | |||
| AV area, mean (SD), cm2 | 0.8 (0.3) | 0.8 (0.2) | .048 |
| AV mean gradient, mean (SD), mm Hg | 44.0 (14.8) | 42.2 (13.5) | <.001 |
| AV mean gradient ≥20, mm Hg | 13253/13 690 (96.8) | 120 934/124847 (96.9) | .71 |
| AV annular size, mean (SD), mm | 25.3 (2.8) | 24.8 (2.6) | <.001 |
| AV morphology, bicuspid | 3472/13 755 (25.2) | 9552/125 001 (7.6) | <.001 |
| AV morphology, tricuspid | 9838/13 755 (71.5) | 111 703/125001 (89.4) | <.001 |
| LVEF, mean (SD), % | 53.6 (14.4) | 56.9 (11.8) | <.001 |
| ≥Moderate aortic regurgitation | 2705/13 661 (19.8) | 18 756/124545 (15.1) | <.001 |
| ≥Moderate mitral regurgitation | 1734/9751 (17.8) | 17 729/93227 (19) | .003 |
| ≥Moderate tricuspid regurgitation | 1572/13 713 (11.5) | 13 551/124537 (10.9) | .04 |
Abbreviations: AV, aortic valve; BMI, body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; KCCQ, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire; NYHA, New York Heart Association; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; STS, Society of Thoracic Surgeons.
a
The performance of matching was assessed by absolute standardized differences for which a difference of less than 0.10 could be considered as a good balance.
b
Race and ethnicity data were collected via self-reported data from patients at the site level and was included to assess for differences in representation across age groups.