Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Oct 30;8:246. doi: 10.1038/s41698-024-00742-3

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 6 — A Representative western blot of pSmad2, Smad2, E-cadherin or vimentin in RC416, DT4313 or PAN610 transduced as indicated, as single culture or co-cultured with RAW264.7 and treated with DMSO or 5 μM galunisertib for 48 h. Hsp90 was used as loading control. A schematic representation of the co-culture technique used to culture PDAC cells with RAW264.7 macrophages is shown. B Representative cytokine array from the supernatants of RAW264.7 macrophages treated with DMSO or galunisertib, in presence or absence of recombinant Ccl3 (rCcl3). 1.Ccl3; 2.Ccl5; 3.Cd14; 4.Cd40; 5.Cxcl11; 6.Cxcl13; 7.Fgf21; 8.Gas6; 9.IGFBP-6; 10.Il1a; 11.Il10; 12.Il11; 13.Il13; 14.Il15; 15.Leptin; 16.Lif; 17.Pentraxin-3. C Lif concentration in the supernatants of RAW264.7, RC416^Scr, RC416^shCcl3, DT4313^NTC or DT4313^Ccl3 as single cultures or in co-culture, after treatment with 5 μM galunisertib or DMSO for 48 h, measured by ELISA. Data are expressed as mean ± s.d. (n = 4). D qPCR of Lif in RAW as single culture or co-cultured as indicated and treated with 5 μM galunisertib or DMSO for 48 h. Data are expressed as mean ± s.d. (n = 3). A schematic representation of the co-culture technique used to culture RAW264.7 macrophages with PDAC cells is shown. E qPCR of Lif in RC416^Scr, RC416^shCcl3, DT4313^NTC or DT4313^Ccl3 tumor cells as single cultures or in co-culture with RAW264.7 macrophages, treated with 5 μM galunisertib or DMSO for 48 h. Data are expressed as mean ± s.d. (n = 3). A schematic representation of the co-culture technique used to culture PDAC cells with RAW264.7 macrophages is shown. F Plasma levels of LIF at baseline (day 0) and after two cycles of treatment (day 60) in low- and high-CCL3 patients enrolled in the H9H-MC-JBAJ trial treated with galunisertib plus gemcitabine, measured by ELISA. P values were calculated by two-tailed unpaired Student's t test. G Representative western blot of vimentin and E-cadherin in RC416 and DT4313 transduced as indicated, co-cultured with RAW264.7 macrophages and treated with 1 μM of the Lif inhibitor EC330, 5 μM of the TGFβ inhibitor galunisertib, their double combination or DMSO as vehicle control. Actin was used as loading control. H Proposed mechanism of action of the Ccl3/Ccr5/Tgfβ/Lif axis. P values in (C–E) were calculated by one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.