Fig. 2.

Left: Residualized HV visualised across diagnostic groups showing distribution of HV for cognitively CN subjects, subjects with MCI and AD. Data distribution is visualized using a truncated violin plot with dashed lines indicating median and dotted lines indicating quartiles. Results of pairwise comparison are illustrated with asterisks indicating p-value (ns = P > 0.05; * = P ≤ 0.05; ** = P ≤ 0.01; *** = P ≤ 0.001; **** = P ≤ 0.0001). Right: Residualized HV in APOE- ε4-negative vs. APOE- ε4-positive subjects and β-amyloid-positive and −negative subjects across diagnostic groups with embedded results of post-hoc Duncan’s test showing differences between subgroups. AD alzheimer’s dementia, APOE apolipoprotein E, CN cognitively normal, HV hypothalamic volume, MCI mild cognitive impairment, ns not significant, sign. significant.