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. 2024 Dec 16;12(35):6815–6825. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v12.i35.6815

Table 3.

The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale assessment for the cohort studies

Ref. Selection
Comparability
Exposure
Scores
Representativeness of selection of the non- exposed cohort
Selection of the non-exposed cohort
Ascertainment of exposure
Demonstration that outcome of interest was not present at start of study
Comparability of cohort on the basis of the design or analysis
Ascertainment of outcome
Ascertainment of outcome
Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur
Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts
Haran et al[24], 2018 Yes Yes Yes Yes, Yes 5
Haran et al[23], 2021 Yes Yes Yes, Yes Yes Yes 6
Larson et al[25], 2020 Yes Yes Yes Yes, Yes 5

Yes is one point, the total number of stars represents a number of points.