Table 7: Environmentally Influenced Disease Burden and Health Care Utilization.
The 2017 Environmental Health Survey used community-based participatory action research strategies and snowball sampling of 100 adults in Knights Landing, California. Yolo County results were from random samples covered by the 2016 - 2017 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS, †) (UCLA Center for Health Policy Research n.d.) or 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS, ‡) data representing the Sacramento--Roseville--Arden-Arcade Metropolitan Statistical Area (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention n.d.). Categorical data are presented as the proportion of respondents with 95% binomial confidence intervals (CI). Significant differences between the Knights Landing and county samples are noted as * p < 0.5.
| Environmentally Influenced Disease Burden and Health Care Utilization |
Environmental Health Survey |
CHIS or BRFSS | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Sample (n)= adults in KL
recruitment zones |
Sample= randomly
called adults |
|||
| % | 95% CI | % | 95% CI | |
| Obesity * | n= 96 | n= 242 † | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) of 30 (obese) or more | 38% | (28, 48) | 23% ⊥ | (18, 28) |
| Diabetes diagnosed by medical professional | n= 99 | n= 242 † | ||
| Yes | 14% | (7, 21) | 14% ⊥ | (10, 18) |
| Asthma diagnosed by medical professional | n= 99 | n= 242 † | ||
| Yes | 22% | (14, 30) | 21% ⊥ | (16, 26) |
| Breathing issues in the past year | n= 91 | -- | ||
| Not at all | 75% | (66, 84) | -- | -- |
| Less than every month | 5% | (1, 10) | -- | -- |
| Every month | 10% | (4, 16) | -- | -- |
| Every week | 7% | (1, 12) | -- | -- |
| Every day | 3% | (0, 7) | -- | -- |
| Cancer Diagnosed by medical professional * | n= 100 | n= 242 † | ||
| Yes | 2% | (0, 5) | 9% | (5, 12) |
| Family History of Cancer | n= 96 | -- | ||
| Yes | 49% | (39, 59) | -- | -- |
| Ever accessed colonoscopy # | n= 26 | n= 297 ‡ | ||
| Yes -- Among respondents aged 50 - 75 years old | 38% | (20, 57) | 64% ⊥ | (58, 71) |
| Ever accessed mammogram # | n= 38 | n= 271 ‡ | ||
| Yes -- Among women 40 years old and over | 71% | (57, 85) | 74% ⊥ | (68, 81) |
| Ever accessed pap smear # | n= 50 | n= 238 ‡ | ||
| Yes -- Among women 21 - 65 years old | 68% | (55, 81) | 78% ⊥ | (72, 84) |
| Last regular medical checkup * | n= 99 | n= 813 ‡ | ||
| One year ago or less | 83% | (75, 90) | 66% | (61, 70) |
| More than 1 up to 2 years ago | 10% | (4, 16) | 17% | (13, 20) |
| More than 2 years up to 5 years ago | 3% | (0, 6) | 9% | (7, 12) |
| More than 5 years ago | 1% | (0, 3) | 8% | (6, 10) |
| Never | 3% | (0, 6) | 0% | |
| Health insurance coverage | n= 98 | n= 822 ‡ | ||
| Yes -- Insurance, Medicare, or Medicaid coverage | 84% | (76, 91) | 93% | (91, 95) |
Publicly available 2016 AskCHIS Neighborhood Edition (UCLA Center for Health Policy Research n.d.) estimates are included here for reference for the two census tracts that represent Knights Landing and are not recommended for statistical comparisons: obese 35% (29, 41), diabetes 12% (8, 15), and asthma 19% (13, 26). The publicly available 2020 California Health Maps data (University of California San Francisco n.d.) that follows demonstrates the consistency of health agency monitoring data:
1) Adult obesity = 28% for both region Yolo 1 (A0766) and region Sutter (B0403).
2) Percent of adults aged 50 - 75 years who have received a fecal occult blood test (FOBT) within the past year, a sigmoidoscopy within the past 5 years and a FOBT within the past 3 years, or a colonoscopy within the past 10 years = 64% for region Yolo 1 (A0766) and 62 % for region Sutter (B0403).
3) Percent of women aged 50 - 74 years who have received a mammogram in the past 2 years = 77% for region Yolo 1 (A0766) and 74% for region Sutter (B0403).
4) Percent of women aged 21 - 65 years who have not received a hysterectomy and have received a cervical screening test = 83% for region Yolo 1 (A0766) and 81% for region Sutter (B0403).
Environmental Health Survey data cannot be compared to county data since the BRFSS data was narrowed respectively to colonoscopy in the past 10 years, mammogram in the past 2 years, and pap test in the past 3 years.