Nanowire-assisted extraction of exosomal miRNAs in urine.
(A) Schematic
illustrations for miRNA extraction from urine using a nanowire device,
nanowire-extracted miRNA detection using microarrays with 2565 species
probes, identification of microRNA ensembles based on fluorescence
intensity analysis of each miRNA species using a logistic regression-modeled
classifier, pathway analysis of identified miRNA ensembles, and lung
cancer detection using identified miRNA ensembles. (B) Schematic illustrations
for EV analysis in raw urine. (C) Schematic illustrations for EV analysis
in flow-through urine from the device. (D) EV size distribution of
urine samples after ultracentrifugation (UC). (E) EV size distribution
of UC of urine flow-through from the device. (F) EV concentration
of UC of urine and UC of urine flow-through from the device. (G) Membrane
protein expression levels of UC of urine and UC of urine flow-through
from the device. The line below the x-axis represents
the captured antibody type, and the line above it indicates the corresponding
fluorescent-labeled antibody. For instance, the CD81 line above the
CD63 line signifies that EVs captured with the anti-CD63 antibody
were detected using the fluorescently labeled anti-CD81 antibody.
(D-G) Error bars show the standard deviation for a series of measurements, N = 5.