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. 2024 Oct 30;14:26068. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77196-x
The proposed Advance FL Ensemble Algorithm
Required: Annotated trained local models Inline graphic
Ensure: Decision via advanced FL ensemble method
Initialization: Assign initial weights to samples Inline graphic
for Inline graphic
1. Train the classifierInline graphic using the weighted training local sets

2. Evaluate the errorInline graphic of the classifier Inline graphic with:

Inline graphic

3. Determine classifier weightInline graphicusing a complexity penalty factor λ:

Inline graphic

4. Update sample weights:

Inline graphic

5. Normalize Weight:

Inline graphic

end for

FL Ensemble Model Decision:

1. Combine local model classifiers using a non-linear aggregation rule:

For each classInline graphic compute:

Inline graphic

where Inline graphic is a dynamic scalar factor for the Inline graphic classifier’s vote.

2. Assign the test sampleInline graphicto the classInline graphic with

Inline graphic