Table 2.
Anthropometric and liver measurements, and their comparisons between low and high Body-Mass-Index (BMI), and between low and high cT1, subgroups.
| Variable | Whole cohort n = 81 |
Low BMI subgroup n = 50 |
High BMI subgroup n = 31 |
Low vs High BMI P-value |
cT1 < 800 ms subgroup n = 72 |
cT1 800 ms subgroup n = 9 |
Low vs. high cT1 P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 8.2 (0.8) | 8.2 (0.8) | 8.2 (0.7) | 0.7 | 8.2 (0.8) | 8.6 (0.7) | 0.12 |
| Anthropometric measurements | |||||||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 17.4 (3.5) | 15.3 (1.2) | 20.9 (3.1) | < 0.001 | 16.7 (2.5) | 23.4 (4.5) | < 0.001 |
| High BMI (%) | 31 (38%) | 0 (0%) | 31 (100%) | < 0.001 | 23 (32%) | 8 (89%) | 0.002 |
| Waist/height ratio | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.5 (0.0) | 0.6 (0.1) | < 0.001 | 0.5 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.1) | < 0.001 |
| Plasma liver biochemical tests | |||||||
| AST (U/L) | 29 (6) | 28 (6) | 32 (6) | 0.002 | 28 (5) | 35 (8) | 0.033 |
| ALT (U/L) | 32 (15) | 28 (9) | 38 (21) | 0.008 | 29 (9) | 53 (32) | 0.01 |
| ALP (U/L) | 288.6 (63.2) | 270.7 (58.1) | 316.8 (61.3) | 0.001 | 284.9 (64.5) | 316.7 (45.7) | 0.076 |
| Direct bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.041 | 0.10 (0.03) | 0.09 (0.02) | 0.39 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.48 (0.16) | 0.51 (0.19) | 0.44 (0.09) | 0.15 | 0.49 (0.16) | 0.41 (0.09) | 0.11 |
| Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging metrics and liver health/disease assessment | |||||||
| cT1 (ms) | 758 (62) | 738 (31) | 790 (83) | < 0.001 | 742 (30) | 887 (95) | < 0.001 |
| PDFF (%) | 3.5 (3.5) | 2.2 (0.8) | 5.5 (4.9) | < 0.001 | 2.6 (1.3) | 10.0 (7.2) | < 0.001 |
| NAFLD (PDFF ≥ 5%) | 10 (12%) | 0 (0%) | 10 (32%) | < 0.001 | 4 (5.6%) | 6 (67%) | < 0.001 |
| NASH (PDFF ≥ 5% and cT1 ≥ 800 ms) | 6 (7.4%) | 0 (0%) | 6 (19%) | 0.002 | 0 (0%) | 6 (67%) | < 0.001 |
| High risk NASH (PDFF ≥ 5% and cT1 ≥ 875 ms) | 3 (3.7%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (9.7%) | 0.053 | 0 (0%) | 3 (33%) | < 0.001 |
Significant values are in bold.
BMI category was determined according to the Centre for Disease Control classification. AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine aminotransaminase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, cT1 corrected T1, PDFF proton density fat fraction.