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Strategy for the surface-grafted polymer encapsulation of SPs from SPIONs: (1) Ligand exchange of oleic acid (OA) for BiB-UDPA. (2) Addition of the catalyst Cu2+/BPMODA and the monomer [e.g., styrene and divinylbenzene (DVB)]. (3) Reduction of the catalyst and initiation of the ATRP using ascorbic acid. (4) Controlled ATRP growth of the polymer shell.
