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. 2024 Oct 31;19:81. doi: 10.1186/s40793-024-00626-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Evaluating the hydrocarbon degradation capability of microbial communities from Arctic beach sediments after various treatments. a The metagenomes obtained from sediment samples in CI were analyzed using CANT-HYD to identify significant hydrocarbon degradation genes. The relative abundance of 5 key hydrocarbon degradation genes in CI and CII sediments was predicted using PICRUSt2 based on 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data (b, c). The treatments are labeled as follows: CI—no oil control (Control), oil only (Oil), oil with inorganic fertilizer, MAP (Oil MAP), oil with oleophilic fertilizer, S200 (Oil S200), and oil with both fertilizers (Oil MAP + S200); CII—no oil control (Control), oil only (Oil), oil with both fertilizers (Oil + N), oil with SWA (Oil + W), and oil with both fertilizers and SWA (Oil + N + W). The labeling 'Sediment 0' denotes time 0, 'Sediment top' corresponds to surface sediment, and 'Sediment bottom' signifies bottom sediment. Additionally, the asterisks “*” and “***” indicate significant differences (p < 0.05, ANOVA and p < 0.001, respectively) among the four different treatments