Table 2.
Multivariable adjusted hazard ratios for all-cause death at 30 days, 1 year, and 15 years after myocardial in patients with type 2 diabetes versus patients without diabetes in the subgroups
| Type 2 diabetes vs. no diabetes | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-day mortality | 1-year mortality | 15-year mortality | |||||
| adj.HR (95%CI) | P-value | adj.HR (95%CI) | P-value | adj.HR (95%CI) | P-value | ||
| All patients | 1.16 (1.09–1.22) | < 0.0001 | 1.16 (1.11–1.21) | < 0.0001 | 1.25 (1.22–1.29) | < 0.0001 | |
| Sex | 0.787* | 0.881* | 0.051* | ||||
| Women | 1.16 (1.08–1.26) | 0.0002 | 1.16 (1.09–1.23) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.16–1.27) | < 0.0001 | |
| Men | 1.15 (1.07–1.24) | 0.0003 | 1.16 (1.10–1.23) | < 0.0001 | 1.29 (1.24–1.33) | < 0.0001 | |
| Age (years) | < 0.0001* | < 0.0001* | < 0.0001* | ||||
| < 60 | 2.77 (2.10–3.67) | < 0.0001 | 2.50 (1.99–3.14) | < 0.0001 | 2.32 (2.06–2.62) | < 0.0001 | |
| 60–79 | 1.36 (1.25–1.48) | < 0.0001 | 1.40 (1.32–1.49) | < 0.0001 | 1.50 (1.45–1.55) | < 0.0001 | |
| ≥ 80 years | 1.00 (0.93–1.07) | 0.942 | 0.99 (0.94–1.05) | 0.716 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 0.648 | |
| Heart failure | 0.0002* | 0.0002* | < 0.0001* | ||||
| No | 1.29 (1.19–1.39) | < 0.0001 | 1.26 (1.19–1.34) | < 0.0001 | 1.36 (1.31–1.40) | < 0.0001 | |
| Yes | 1.05 (0.97–1.13) | 0.217 | 1.08 (1.03–1.15) | 0.005 | 1.14 (1.09–1.18) | < 0.0001 | |
| Atrial fibrillation | 0.534* | 0.179* | < 0.0001* | ||||
| No | 1.17 (1.10–1.25) | < 0.0001 | 1.18 (1.13–1.24) | < 0.0001 | 1.31 (1.27–1.35) | < 0.0001 | |
| Yes | 1.13 (1.02–1.24) | 0.019 | 1.11 (1.04–1.20) | 0.004 | 1.11 (1.05–1.17) | 0.0002 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | < 0.0001* | 0.0004* | < 0.0001* | ||||
| No | 1.22 (1.16–1.30) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.15–1.26) | < 0.0001 | 1.30 (1.26–1.33) | < 0.0001 | |
| Yes | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 0.290 | 1.01 (0.93–1.11) | 0.756 | 1.09 (1.03–1.16) | 0.004 | |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 0.575* | 0.842* | 0.0001* | ||||
| No | 1.15 (1.08–1.22) | < 0.0001 | 1.16 (1.11–1.22) | < 0.0001 | 1.28 (1.25–1.32) | < 0.0001 | |
| Yes | 1.19 (1.05–1.35) | 0.006 | 1.15 (1.05–1.26) | 0.003 | 1.11 (1.04–1.19) | 0.001 | |
| Malignancy | 0.502* | 0.092* | < 0.0001* | ||||
| No | 1.15 (1.08–1.22) | < 0.0001 | 1.18 (1.13–1.24) | < 0.0001 | 1.30 (1.26–1.34) | < 0.0001 | |
| Yes | 1.20 (1.07–1.34) | 0.002 | 1.09 (1.00-1.19) | 0.059 | 1.07 (1.01–1.13) | 0.041 | |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.338* | 0.830* | 0.550* | ||||
| No | 1.17 (1.10–1.24) | < 0.0001 | 1.16 (1.11–1.21) | < 0.0001 | 1.26 (1.22–1.29) | < 0.0001 | |
| Yes | 1.09 (0.96–1.24) | 0.188 | 1.17 (1.07–1.29) | 0.001 | 1.23 (1.15–1.31) | < 0.0001 | |
| ST-elevation MI | 0.001* | 0.001* | 0.0001* | ||||
| No | 1.08 (1.01–1.16) | 0.018 | 1.11 (1.06–1.17) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.17–1.24) | < 0.0001 | |
| Yes | 1.31 (1.19–1.44) | < 0.0001 | 1.30 (1.20–1.41) | < 0.0001 | 1.40 (1.33–1.47) | < 0.0001 | |
| Revascularization | < 0.0001* | < 0.0001* | < 0.0001* | ||||
| None | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) | 0.012 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | < 0.0001 | 1.17 (1.13–1.21) | < 0.0001 | |
| PCI | 1.57 (1.39–1.78) | < 0.0001 | 1.43 (1.31–1.57) | < 0.0001 | 1.44 (1.38–1.50) | < 0.0001 | |
| CABG | 1.15 (0.84–1.57) | 0.386 | 1.31 (1.05–1.64) | 0.016 | 1.39 (1.27–1.53) | < 0.0001 | |
| Year of MI | 0.891* | 0.208* | - | ||||
| 2004–2009 | 1.14 (1.05–1.24) | 0.002 | 1.15 (1.08–1.23) | < 0.0001 | |||
| 2010–2014 | 1.15 (1.05–1.27) | 0.004 | 1.12 (1.04–1.20) | 0.003 | |||
| 2015–2018 | 1.18 (1.06–1.31) | 0.002 | 1.23 (1.14–1.32) | < 0.0001 | |||
*Interaction p-value. Variables adjusted for included baseline age, sex, comorbidities (hypertension, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, previous MI, cerebrovascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, malignancy, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, valvular disease, rheumatic disease, previous CABG, psychotic disorder, renal failure, alcohol abuse, liver disease, paralysis, and coagulopathy), revascularization by PCI or CABG, the presence of ST-elevation, and treatment in a university hospital. For 30-day and 1-year mortality rates, additional adjustment was made for the year of index MI (categorized as 2004–2009, 2010–2014, or 2015−2018). The variable used to create a specific subgroup was not adjusted for in that subgroup analysis