Table 3.
Association of baseline features in patients with type 2 diabetes with all-cause death at 30 days, 1 year, and 15 years after myocardial infarction (MI)
| Variable | Association with mortality | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 30-days | 1-year | 15-years | ||||||
| adj.HR (95%CI) | P-value | adj.HR (95%CI) | P-value | adj.HR (95%CI) | P-value | |||
| Age, years | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| < 60 | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| 60–79 | 1.55 (1.18–2.03) | 0.002 | 1.86 (1.49–2.31) | < 0.0001 | 2.26 (2.01–2.54) | < 0.0001 | ||
| ≥ 80 | 2.65 (2.00-3.50) | < 0.0001 | 3.10 (2.47–3.89) | < 0.0001 | 4.60 (4.07–5.20) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Women | 0.95 (0.86–1.05) | 0.344 | 0.92 (0.85–0.99) | 0.025 | 0.91 (0.86–0.95) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Co-morbidities | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 0.95 (0.85–1.06) | 0.344 | 1.00 (0.92–1.09) | 0.953 | 0.99 (0.94–1.04) | 0.654 | ||
| Heart failure | 1.44 (1.29–1.60) | < 0.0001 | 1.66 (1.54–1.80) | < 0.0001 | 1.70 (1.62–1.78) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 1.12 (1.01–1.25) | 0.040 | 1.15 (1.06–1.25) | 0.001 | 1.17 (1.11–1.24) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Previous MI | 1.05 (0.94–1.18) | 0.392 | 1.11 (1.02–1.21) | 0.012 | 1.14 (1.08–1.20) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 0.95 (0.84–1.08) | 0.422 | 1.04 (0.96–1.14) | 0.356 | 1.12 (1.06–1.19) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.13 (1.00-1.28) | 0.045 | 1.13 (1.03–1.24) | 0.008 | 1.10 (1.04–1.17) | 0.002 | ||
| Malignancy | 1.29 (1.14–1.47) | < 0.0001 | 1.33 (1.22–1.46) | < 0.0001 | 1.21 (1.13–1.28) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 1.30 (1.14–1.47) | < 0.0001 | 1.42 (1.30–1.56) | < 0.0001 | 1.50 (1.41–1.60) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Dementia | 1.56 (1.36–1.79) | < 0.0001 | 1.51 (1.36–1.68) | < 0.0001 | 1.59 (1.47–1.72) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Valvular disease | 1.24 (1.06–1.45) | 0.007 | 1.33 (1.18–1.48) | < 0.0001 | 1.26 (1.16–1.37) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Rheumatic disease | 1.05 (0.87–1.28) | 0.600 | 1.11 (0.96–1.27) | 0.150 | 1.12 (1.03–1.23) | 0.011 | ||
| Prior CABG | 0.69 (0.55–0.86) | 0.001 | 0.73 (0.63–0.85) | < 0.0001 | 0.89 (0.81–0.97) | 0.011 | ||
| Psychotic disorder | 1.38 (1.14–1.69) | 0.001 | 1.25 (1.06–1.48) | 0.007 | 1.22 (1.10–1.36) | 0.0002 | ||
| Renal failure | 1.35 (1.13–1.62) | 0.001 | 1.36 (1.19–1.56) | < 0.0001 | 1.41 (1.27–1.55) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Alcohol abuse | 1.42 (1.05–1.93) | 0.023 | 1.27 (0.99–1.62) | 0.065 | 1.28 (1.09–1.50) | 0.002 | ||
| Liver disease | 0.95 (0.62–1.45) | 0.802 | 1.21 (0.92–1.60) | 0.176 | 1.08 (0.87–1.35) | 0.487 | ||
| Paralysis | 1.39 (0.82–2.36) | 0.221 | 1.33 (0.89–1.99) | 0.164 | 1.16 (0.70–1.90) | 0.564 | ||
| Coagulopathy | 2.27 (1.48–3.48) | 0.0002 | 2.20 (1.57–3.08) | < 0.0001 | 1.79 (1.33–2.40) | 0.0001 | ||
| Duration of diabetes | 0.069 | 0.0004 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| < 5 years | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| 5–10 years | 1.02 (0.89–1.16) | 0.792 | 0.99 (0.90–1.09) | 0.801 | 1.09 (1.03–1.15) | 0.005 | ||
| > 10 years | 1.15 (1.01–1.31) | 0.037 | 1.17 (1.06–1.29) | 0.001 | 1.26 (1.19–1.34) | < 0.0001 | ||
| Insulin therapy | 1.09 (0.97–1.22) | 0.146 | 1.06 (0.98–1.16) | 0.144 | 1.07 (1.02–1.13) | 0.007 | ||
| Revascularization | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | |||||
| None | Reference | Reference | Reference | |||||
| PCI | 0.36 (0.31–0.41) | < 0.0001 | 0.35 (0.32–0.39) | < 0.0001 | 0.54 (0.51–0.57) | < 0.0001 | ||
| CABG | 0.33 (0.25–0.46) | < 0.0001 | 0.37 (0.30–0.45) | < 0.0001 | 0.56 (0.51–0.61) | < 0.0001 | ||
| ST-elevation MI | 2.11 (1.90–2.34) | < 0.0001 | 1.62 (1.49–1.76) | < 0.0001 | 1.17 (1.11–1.24) | < 0.0001 | ||
| University Hospital | 0.91 (0.82-1.00) | 0.051 | 0.94 (0.87–1.01) | 0.100 | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 0.001 | ||
| Year of MI | < 0.0001 | < 0.0001 | - | - | ||||
| 2004–2009 | Reference | Reference | ||||||
| 2010–2014 | 0.85 (0.76–0.95) | 0.006 | 0.81 (0.74–0.89) | < 0.0001 | ||||
| 2015–2018 | 0.75 (0.66–0.85) | < 0.0001 | 0.78 (0.71–0.85) | < 0.0001 | ||||
Results of multivariable adjusted analyses. CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting. PCI = percutaneus coronary intervention