Table 1.
Performance comparison of pp-IPA with other existing POCTs for malaria detection
| Technique | Number of primers | NA extraction | LoD (Parasites/μl) | Visualization | Open/closed system for amplification/visualization1 | Equipment | Non-reagent consumable |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pp-IPA | 2 | No | 0.000128 | Colorimetric | Closed | Water bath | Pasteur pipette |
| RPA[33] | 2 | No | Not stated | Lateral flow assay | Open | Heating block | Pipette, tips, strip |
| LAMP[34] | 4 | No | 3 | Lateral flow assay | Open | Water bath | Streptavidin-coated beads, microfluidic, pipette, tips |
| LAMP[35] | 4–6 | Extraction kit | 1 | Fluorescence | Closed | Portable LAMP device | DNA extraction kit, pipette, tips |
| LAMP[17] | 6 | Glass fiber | 50 | Fluorescence | Open | Handheld UV lamp | Paper microfluidic, acetate film, pipette, tips |
| LAMP | 4 | Magnetic beads | 0.5–50 | LFA[36]/Fluorescence[37]/Turbidity[38] | Open[36]/Closed[37, 38] | Portable LAMP device | Microfluidic, acetate films, beads, strip, pipette, tips |
| RPA | 2 | Extraction kit | 1–4 | Lateral flow assay/Colorimetric | Open[39]/Closed[40] | Heating block | Pipette, tips, strip |
| CRISPR-SHERLOCK | 2 | Extraction kit | 2 | Lateral flow assay | Open[41] | Heating block | Extraction kit, Pipette, tips |
1: A closed system is critical for avoiding cross contamination
pp-IPA Pasteur pipette-assisted isothermal probe amplification, RPA recombinase polymerase amplification, LAMP loop-mediated isothermal amplification, SHERLOCK specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking, CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats, NA nucleic acid, LoD limit of detection, LFA lateral flow assay