Table 2: Summary of the epigenetic clocks used in this study.

Summary of the epigenetic clock models, trained to predict either chronological age, mortality risk, or pace of aging. The PC clocks represent a group of clocks, including PCHannum, PCHorvath MT, PCHorvath SB, PCPhenoAge, and PCGrimAge.

Clock	Trained to predict…	# of CpGs	Reference
Hannum	Chronological Age	71	(Hannum et al. 2013)
Horvath multi-tissue (MT)	Chronological Age	353	(Horvath 2013)
Horvath skin and blood (SB)	Chronological Age	391	(Horvath et al. 2018)
PhenoAge	Mortality Risk	513	(Levine et al. 2018)
GrimAge	Mortality Risk	1,030	(Lu et al. 2019)
DunedinPoAm38	Pace of aging	47	(Belsky et al. 2020)
DunedinPACE	Pace of aging	173	(Belsky et al. 2022)
PC clocks	Chronological Age/Mortality Risk	78,464	(Higgins-Chen et al. 2022)