Table 5. Association of carotid wall volume (mm3) with pollutants exposure stratified by workplace location.
| Overall (n = 6223) | Working away (n = 2188) | Work in community (n = 4035) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Effect (95% CI) | p- | Effect (95% CI) | p- | Effect (95% CI) | p- | |
| PM 2.5 | ||||||
| Model 1 | -10.1 (-24.7,4.49) | 0.1747 | -1.27 (-24.7,22.21) | 0.9157 | -13.2 (-31.1,4.67) | 0.1476 |
| Model 2 | -14.9 (-28.4,-1.42) | 0.0303 | -5.83 (-27.8,16.16) | 0.6034 | -16.3 (-32.9,0.25) | 0.0536 |
| Model 3 | -15.0 (-28.5,-1.55) | 0.0288 | -5.50 (-27.5,16.44) | 0.6229 | -16.8 (-33.4,-0.20) | 0.0473 |
| Model 4 | -8.40 (-23.3,6.48) | 0.2685 | 0.87 (-22.8,24.55) | 0.9429 | -9.81 (-28.3,8.64) | 0.2974 |
| Model 5:+NO2 | 2.26 (-13.2,17.70) | 0.7747 | 3.77 (-20.8,28.29) | 0.7630 | 5.21 (-14.0,24.40) | 0.5944 |
| Model 5:+O3 | 0.60 (-14.7,15.91) | 0.9391 | 5.53 (-18.2,29.26) | 0.6477 | 0.67 (-18.1,19.40) | 0.9441 |
| NO 2 | ||||||
| Model 1 | -10.1 (-14.3,-5.95) | <.0001 | -3.62 (-10.6,3.31) | 0.3059 | -13.1 (-18.2,-7.93) | <.0001 |
| Model 2 | -11.2 (-15.0,-7.32) | <.0001 | -4.35 (-10.8,2.06) | 0.1833 | -14.4 (-19.1,-9.64) | <.0001 |
| Model 3 | -11.0 (-14.9,-7.10) | <.0001 | -3.62 (-10.1,2.82) | 0.2702 | -14.5 (-19.3,-9.69) | <.0001 |
| Model 4 | -11.8 (-16.2,-7.31) | <.0001 | -3.40 (-10.9,4.15) | 0.3771 | -15.5 (-21.0,-10.1) | <.0001 |
| Model 5:+O3 | -9.66 (-14.8,-4.55) | 0.0002 | -1.64 (-9.81,6.52) | 0.6927 | -12.9 (-19.2,-6.53) | <.0001 |
| Model 5:+PM2.5 | -11.9 (-16.5,-7.32) | <.0001 | -3.70 (-11.5,4.10) | 0.3524 | -16.0 (-21.6,-10.3) | <.0001 |
| O 3 | ||||||
| Model 1 | 8.25 (3.84,12.65) | 0.0002 | 5.98 (-1.20,13.17) | 0.1023 | 9.52 (4.29,14.75) | 0.0004 |
| Model 2 | 10.45 (6.34,14.55) | <.0001 | 6.65 (-0.07,13.37) | 0.0524 | 12.58 (7.69,17.46) | <.0001 |
| Model 3 | 10.36 (6.23,14.48) | <.0001 | 6.27 (-0.45,12.98) | 0.0675 | 12.64 (7.72,17.56) | <.0001 |
| Model 4 | 9.34 (4.75,13.92) | <.0001 | 4.93 (-2.42,12.27) | 0.1884 | 11.92 (6.42,17.43) | <.0001 |
| Model 5:+NO2 | 4.27 (-1.06,9.60) | 0.1167 | 4.14 (-3.93,12.20) | 0.3146 | 5.16 (-1.33,11.65) | 0.1191 |
| Model 5:+PM2.5 | 9.39 (4.62,14.15) | 0.0001 | 5.34 (-2.15,12.83) | 0.1622 | 11.97 (6.31,17.63) | <.0001 |
Presented data are adjusted estimates (95% CI) per 5 μg/m3 increase for PM2.5, 5 ppb increase for NO2, and 3 ppb increase for O3, from a linear mixed model with centre modelled as a random intercept. Model 1, unadjusted. Model 2, adjusted for age, sex, and ethnicity. Model 3 further adjusted for the INTERHEART risk score and education. Primary model 4 further adjusted for walkability categories, material factor score and social factor score. Model 5 further adjusted for co-pollutants.