Table 6. Association of carotid wall volume (mm3) with O3 within co-pollutant exposure tertiles.
|
Overall
N = 6223 |
Low PM
2.5
(1.78–5.64 μg/m 3 ) N = 1903 |
Mid PM
2.5
5.65–8.18 μg/m 3 N = 1898 |
High PM
2.5
8.18–11.2 μg/m 3 N = 2422 |
|||||
|
Effect
(95% CI) |
p- |
Effect
(95% CI) |
p- |
Effect
(95% CI) |
p- |
Effect
(95% CI) |
p- | |
| Model 1 | 8.25 (3.84,12.65) | 0.0002 | 7.16 (-1.00,15.32) | 0.0855 | 9.56 (2.26,16.85) | 0.0103 | 8.31 (0.24,16.39) | 0.0436 |
| Model 2 | 10.45 (6.34,14.55) | <.0001 | 9.73 (2.20,17.26) | 0.0113 | 7.52 (-0.35,15.40) | 0.0612 | 12.99 (5.55,20.44) | 0.0006 |
| Model 3 | 10.36 (6.23,14.48) | <.0001 | 9.96 (2.39,17.54) | 0.0100 | 7.51 (-0.39,15.41) | 0.0625 | 11.95 (4.49,19.42) | 0.0017 |
| Model 4 | 9.34 (4.75,13.92) | <.0001 | 8.91 (0.08,17.73) | 0.0480 | 6.43 (-1.76,14.62) | 0.1240 | 10.87 (3.21,18.53) | 0.0055 |
|
Low NO
2
(0.88–8.10 ppb) N = 1539 |
Mid NO
2
(8.12–15.5 ppb) N = 2202 |
High NO
2
(15.5–38.7 ppb) N = 2482 |
||||||
|
Effect
(95% CI) |
p- |
Effect
(95% CI) |
p- |
Effect
(95% CI) |
p- | |||
| Model 1 | 8.25 (3.84,12.65) | 0.0002 | 12.32 (0.91,23.74) | 0.0343 | 0.56 (-7.10,8.21) | 0.8869 | -5.30 (-16.4,5.78) | 0.3483 |
| Model 2 | 10.45 (6.34,14.55) | <.0001 | 11.99 (0.90,23.08) | 0.0341 | 4.21 (-3.01,11.42) | 0.2533 | -6.42 (-17.1,4.25) | 0.2382 |
| Model 3 | 10.36 (6.23,14.48) | <.0001 | 12.63 (1.55,23.70) | 0.0255 | 4.28 (-2.93,11.48) | 0.2443 | -6.81 (-17.5,3.86) | 0.2108 |
| Model 4 | 9.34 (4.75,13.92) | <.0001 | 10.82 (-1.23,22.87) | 0.0784 | 3.82 (-3.37,11.01) | 0.2974 | -7.66 (-18.4,3.08) | 0.1622 |
Presented data are adjusted CWV estimates (95% CI) per, 3 ppb increase for O3, from a linear mixed model with centre modelled as a random intercept. Model 1, unadjusted. Model 2, adjusted for age, (sex), and ethnicity. Model 3 further adjusted for the INTERHEART risk score, education and workplace location. Primary model 4 further adjusted for walkability categories, material factor score and social factor score.