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. 2024 Oct 31;19(10):e0310514. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310514

Table 1. Participant characteristics by primary substance (N = 126).

Total %/SD Alcohol (n = 68) Drug (n = 58)
n/mean n/mean %/SD n/mean %/SD
Recruitment setting Psychiatric outpatient department 80 63.5% 57 83.8% 23 39.7%
Rehabilitation facility 46 36.5% 9 13.2% 35 60.3%
Sex Male 105 83.3% 56 82.4% 49 84.5%
Female 15 11.9% 10 14.7% 5 8.6%
Other 6 4.8% 2 2.9% 4 6.9%
Age 46.4 12.1 50.8 12.4 41.2 9.4
Educational attainment Junior high school 16 12.7% 3 4.4% 13 22.4%
High School 47 37.3% 27 39.7% 20 34.5%
Vocational college 13 10.3% 6 8.8% 7 12.1%
Bachelor’s degree or higher 50 39.7% 32 47.1% 18 31.0%
Employment Currently employed 47 37.3% 27 39.7% 20 34.5%
Marital status Currently married 36 28.6% 27 39.7% 9 15.5%
Age of first primary substance use 19.5 8.0 15.9 3.9 23.6 9.4
Age of problem cognition 32.4 11.8 35.2 13.1 29.2 9.2
Age of first medical treatment 38.6 13.6 43.0 14.7 33.3 10.0
Days of substance use in the past month 3.8 8.0 4.7 8.7 2.7 6.9
Comorbidity of psychiatric disorder 52 41.3% 27 39.7% 25 43.1%
AUDIT (n = 55) 17.2 11.0
DAST-10 (n = 58) 4.8 3.1
Use of psychiatric treatment 105 83.3% 56 82.4% 49 84.5%
Duration of psychiatric treatment (years, n = 52) 4.8 5.1 5.6 7.0 4.1 2.7
Participation in self-help group 77 61.1% 34 50.0% 43 74.1%
Duration of self-help group participation (years, n = 31) 4.7 4.8 6.7 6.4 3.9 3.9

AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. DAST: Drug Abuse Screening Test.