Table 2. Structural validity and internal consistency of the five-factor factor model of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale (N = 126).
| Factor | Item | Mean | SD | Factor loading | SE | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd-order | 1st-order | |||||||
| #1 | Enacted (α = 0.75) |
FAM (α = 0.86) |
1 | Family members have thought that I cannot be trusted. | 4.2 | 1.2 | 0.75 | 0.05 |
| 2 | Family members have looked down on me. | 3.5 | 1.5 | 0.91 | 0.03 | |||
| 3 | Family members have treated me differently. | 3.2 | 1.5 | 0.83 | 0.04 | |||
| #2 | HCW (α = 0.66) |
4a | Healthcare workers have not listened to my concerns. | 2.1 | 1.2 | 0.83 | 0.06 | |
| 5a | Healthcare workers have thought that I’m pill shopping, or trying to con them into giving me prescription medications to get high or sell. | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.35 | 0.09 | |||
| 6a | Healthcare workers have given me poor care. | 1.8 | 1.0 | 0.79 | 0.06 | |||
| #3 | Anticipated (α = 0.84) |
FAM (α = 0.93) |
7 | Family members will think that I cannot be trusted. | 3.3 | 1.3 | 0.91 | 0.02 |
| 8 | Family members will look down on me. | 2.9 | 1.4 | 0.92 | 0.02 | |||
| 9 | Family members will treat me differently. | 3.0 | 1.4 | 0.89 | 0.02 | |||
| #4 | HCW (α = 0.80) |
10a | Healthcare workers will not listen to my concerns. | 1.9 | 1.0 | 0.72 | 0.06 | |
| 11a | Healthcare workers will think that I’m pill shopping, or trying to con them into giving me prescription medications to get high or sell. | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.73 | 0.06 | |||
| 12a | Healthcare workers will give me poor care. | 1.7 | 1.0 | 0.82 | 0.05 | |||
| #5 | Internalized (α = 0.91) |
SELF | 13 | Having used alcohol and/or drugs makes me feel like I’m a bad person. | 3.0 | 1.3 | 0.66 | 0.06 |
| 14 | I feel I’m not as good as others because I used alcohol and/or drugs. | 3.1 | 1.3 | 0.65 | 0.06 | |||
| 15 | I feel ashamed of having used alcohol and/or drugs. | 3.0 | 1.3 | 0.76 | 0.04 | |||
| 16 | I think less of myself because I used alcohol and/or drugs. | 2.8 | 1.3 | 0.91 | 0.02 | |||
| 17 | Having used alcohol and/or drugs makes me feel unclean. | 2.6 | 1.3 | 0.87 | 0.03 | |||
| 18 | Having used alcohol and/or drugs is disgusting to me. | 2.9 | 1.4 | 0.86 | 0.03 | |||
FAM: Family members’ stigma source, HCW: Health care workers’ stigma source
All factor loadings were significant at < 0.001.
α: Cronbach’s α. Cronbach’s α for all items was 0.86.
a: Floor effect (mean–SD < 1) was observed.