Table 1.
Epidemiology and microbiology of infective endocarditis by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in total and concerning mortality
| Characteristic | All patients (n=26)* | Survived (n=16) | Died (n=10) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n (%) | 14 (53.8) | 9 (56.3) | 5 (50) | 1.000 |
| Age, median (IQR) in years | 66 (49.8-73.3) | 62 (42.3-67.8) | 67 (54-79) | 0.177 |
| Predisposing factors | ||||
| Prosthetic valve, n (%) | 10 (38.5) | 6 (37.5) | 4 (40) | 1.000 |
| CVC, n (%) | 6 (23.1) | 2 (12.5) | 4 (40) | 0.163 |
| Immunosuppression, n (%) | 5 (19.2) | 2 (12.5) | 3 (30) | 0.340 |
| Previously on antimicrobials, n (%) | 5/24 (20.8) | 2/14 (14.3) | 3 (30) | 0.615 |
| ESRD on dialysis, n (%) | 4 (15.4) | 0 (0) | 4 (40) | 0.014 |
| CIED, n (%) | 3 (11.5) | 2 (12.5) | 1 (10) | 1.000 |
| Previous IE, n (%) | 2 (7.7) | 2 (12.5) | 0 (0) | 0.508 |
| Post-cardiac surgery, n (%) | 2/24 (8.3) | 0/15 (0) | 2/9 (22.2) | 0.130 |
| Known colonization by carbapenem-resistant pathogen, n (%) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Rheumatic fever, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Congenital heart disease, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Bad teeth hygiene or recent dental work, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Microbiology | ||||
| Polymicrobial, n (%) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (6.3) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
| Pseudomonas spp., n (%) | 10 (38.5) | 8 (50) | 2 (20) | 0.218 |
| Klebsiella spp., n (%) | 7 (26.9) | 5 (31.5) | 2 (20) | 0.668 |
| Acinetobacter spp., n (%) | 5 (19.2) | 2 (12.5) | 3 (30) | 0.340 |
| Stenotrophomonas spp., n (%) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (10) | 1.000 |
| Achromobacter spp., n (%) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0.385 |
| Chryseobacterium spp., n (%) | 1 (3.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (10) | 0.385 |
| Antimicrobial resistance | ||||
| Quinolone, n (%) | 15/24 (62.5) | 9/14 (64.3) | 6 (60) | 1.000 |
| Aminoglycoside, n (%) | 13/24 (54.1) | 6/15 (40) | 7/9 (77.8) | 0.105 |
| Tetracyclines, n (%) | 6/15 (40) | 4/8 (50) | 2/7 (28.6) | 0.608 |
| TMP-SMX, n (%) | 4/12 (33.3) | 2/7 (28.6) | 2/5 (40) | 1.000 |
| Colistin, n (%) | 4/20 (20) | 3/13 (23.1) | 1/7 (14.3) | 1.000 |
| Chloramphenicol, n (%) | 0/9 (0) | 0/5 (0) | 0/4 (0) | 1.000 |
CIED – cardiovascular implantable electronic device; CVC – central venous catheter; ESRD – end-stage renal disease; IQR – interquartile range; NA – not applicable; TMP-SMX – trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
*
Data are out of the number of patients stated on top unless otherwise stated.