Table 2.
Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of patients with infective endocarditis by carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria in total and concerning mortality
| Characteristic | All patients (n=26)* | Survived (n=16) | Died (n=10) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Method of diagnosis | ||||
| Transthoracic echocardiography, n (%) | 11/25 (44) | 8/15 (53.3) | 3 (30) | 0.414 |
| Transesophageal echocardiography, n (%) | 11/25 (44) | 5/15 (33.3) | 6 (60) | 0.241 |
| Autopsy, n (%) | 3/25 (12) | NA | 3 (30) | NA |
| Valve localization | ||||
| Aortic valve, n (%) | 15 (57.7) | 8 (50) | 7 (70) | 0.428 |
| Mitral valve, n (%) | 8 (30.8) | 5 (31.3) | 3 (30) | 1.000 |
| Tricuspid valve, n (%) | 3 (11.5) | 3 (18.8) | 0 (0) | 0.262 |
| Pulmonary valve, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | NA |
| Multiple valves, n (%) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (6.3) | 1 (10) | 1.000 |
| Clinical characteristics | ||||
| Fever, n (%) | 21 (80.8) | 14 (87.5) | 7 (70) | 0.340 |
| Sepsis, n (%) | 11/17 (80.7) | 6/11 (54.5) | 5/6 (83.3) | 0.333 |
| Embolic phenomena, n (%) | 7/25 (28) | 2/15 (13.3) | 5 (50) | 0.075 |
| Shock, n (%) | 5/25 (20) | 1/15 (6.7) | 4 (40) | 0.121 |
| Paravalvular abscess, n (%) | 4/25 (16) | 1/15 (6.7) | 3 (30) | 0.267 |
| Heart failure, n (%) | 4/25 (16) | 1/15 (6.7) | 3 (30) | 0.267 |
| Immunologic phenomena, n (%) | 2/25 (8) | 1/15 (6.7) | 1 (10) | 1.000 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Duration of treatment in weeks, median (IQR) | 7.7 (6-10) | 7.7 (6-10) | NA | |
| Aminoglycoside, n (%) | 12/24 (50) | 9/15 (60) | 3/9 (33.3) | 0.400 |
| Colistin, n (%) | 10/24 (41.7) | 7/15 (46.7) | 4/9 (44.4) | 1.000 |
| Cephalosporin, n (%) | 7/24 (29.2) | 7/15 (46.7) | 0/9 (0) | 0.022 |
| Carbapenem, n (%) | 6/24 (25) | 2/15 (13.3) | 4/9 (44.4) | 0.150 |
| Quinolone, n (%) | 6/24 (25) | 2/15 (13.3) | 4/9 (44.4) | 0.150 |
| Tetracycline, n (%) | 5/24 (20.8) | 2/15 (13.3) | 3/9 (33.3) | 0.326 |
| TMP-SMX, n (%) | 4/24 (16.7) | 1/15 (6.7) | 3/9 (33.3) | 0.130 |
| Rifampicin, n (%) | 4/24 (16.7) | 2/15 (13.3) | 2/9 (22.2) | 0.615 |
| Antipseudomonal penicillin, n (%) | 3/24 (12.5) | 1/15 (6.7) | 2/9 (22.2) | 0.533 |
| Sulbactam, n (%) | 2/24 (8.3) | 1/15 (6.7) | 1/9 (11.1) | 1.000 |
| Aztreonam, n (%) | 1/24 (4.2) | 1/15 (6.7) | 0/9 (0) | 1.000 |
| Fosfomycin, n (%) | 2/24 (8.3) | 2/15 (13.3) | 0/9 (0) | 0.511 |
| Surgical management, n (%) | 14 (53.8) | 11 (68.8) | 3 (30) | 0.105 |
| Outcomes | ||||
| Deaths due to infection, n (%) | 8 (30.8) | NA | NA | |
| Deaths overall, n (%) | 10 (38.5) | NA | NA |
IQR – interquartile range; NA – not applicable; PCR – polymerase chain reaction; TMP-SMX – trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
*
Data are out of the number of patients stated on top unless otherwise stated.