Supplementary Table 1.

Characteristics of the included studies

Study	Number of patients	Age (years)	Gender	Site of infection n (%)	Microbiology of infection, n (%)	Treatment administered, n (%)	Infection outcomes, n (%)
Aydin et al.,16 2000	1	40	Male	AoV	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	Antipseudomonal penicillin TMP-SMX	Clinical curea Deaths overall
Olut et al.,17 2005	1	45	Female	AoV	Acinetobacter baumannii	Quinolone Aminoglycoside	Clinical cure Deaths overall Deaths due to IE
Bomb et al.,18 2007	1	58	Male	AoV	Chryseobacterium meningosepticum	Antipseudomonal penicillin Quinolone Rifampicin	Clinical cure Deaths overall Deaths due to IE
Benenson et al.,19 2009	1	18	Male	MV	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Colistin Aminoglycoside	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Ahmadi et al.,20 2009	1	66	Male	AoV MV	Acinetobacter lwoffii	NR Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Katayama et al.,21 2010	1	78	Female	MV	Stenotrophomonas maltophilia	Antipseudomonal penicillin Quinolone Tetracycline TMP-SMX Surgical management Clinical cure	Deaths overall Deaths due to IE
Raymond et al.,22 2014	1	77	Female	AoV	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Aminoglycoside Tetracycline	Clinical cure Deaths overall Deaths due to IE
Naha et al.,23 2014	1	22	Female	MV	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Colistin Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Vergara-Lopez et al.,24 2014	1	68	Male	AoV	Klebsiella oxytoca	Fosfomycin Aminoglycoside	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Durante-Mangoni et al.,25 2014	3	55, 82, 83	2 male, 1 female	IED 1 (33.3) AoV 2 (66.7)	Acinetobacter baumannii 1 (33.3) Pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 (66.7)	Carbapenem 3 (100) Colistin 3 (100) Aminoglycoside 1 (33.3) Rifampicin 1 (33.3) TMP-SMX 1 (33.3) Surgical management 2 (66.7)	Clinical cure 1 (33.3) Deaths overall 3 (100) Deaths due to IE 2 (66.7)
Chaari et al.,26 2015	1	67	Male	AoV	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Colistin	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Patel et al.,27 2015	1	51	Male	MV	Acinetobacter baumannii	NA	Clinical cure Deaths overall Deaths due to IE
Chen et al.,28 2015	1	56	Female	TrV	Acinetobacter baumannii	Sulbactam Cephalosporin Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Domitrovic et al.,29 2016	1	58	Female	AoV	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Carbapenem Colistin Aminoglycoside Rifampicin Tetracycline Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Kantarcioglu et al.,30 2016	1	50	Female	TrV	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Tetracycline Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Xia et al.,31 2018	1	66	Female	AoV MV	Achromobacter xylosoxidans	Quinolone TMP-SMX	Clinical cure Deaths overall Deaths due to IE
Gürtler et al.,32 2019	1	66	Male	AoV	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Cephalosporin Quinolone Aminoglycoside Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Prescott et al.,33 2019	1	66	Male	MV	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Cephalosporin Colistin Fosfomycin Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Peghin et al.,34 2019	1	49	Male	IED	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Cephalosporin Aminoglycoside Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Edgeworth et al.,35 2019	1	78	Female	AoV	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Cephalosporin Aminoglycoside Carbapenem Colistin Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Dvoretsky et al.,36 2021	1	68	Male	AoV	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Sulbactam Carbapenem Aminoglycoside Tetracycline	Clinical cure Deaths overall Deaths due to IE
Alghoribi et al.,37 2021	1	40	Female	TrV	Klebsiella pneumoniae	Cephalosporin Aztreonam	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Lima et al.,38 2022	1	72	Male	AoV	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Cephalosporin Aminoglycoside Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall
Walczak et al.,39 2023	1	80	Female	MV	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Colistin Quinolone Aminoglycoside Rifampicin Surgical management	Clinical cure Deaths overall

^aDefined as clinical resolution of the infection as a result of treatment.

AoV – aortic valve; IE – infective endocarditis; IED – implantable electronic device; MV – mitral valve; NA – not applicable; TMP-SMX – trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; TrV – tricuspid valve.