Table 1.
Summary of ERP studies of early cognitive decline in older adults.
| Authors (Year) | Participants | ERP task | ERP component | Amplitude effects | Latency effects | Other effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gironell et al. (2005) | SMC (n = 116) | Oddball | P300 | – | AD > NC, MCI, DOT | Baseline P300 latency predicted AD diagnosis |
| Cespón et al. (2018) | Low SMC (n = 18), High SMC (n = 16) | Simon task | P300, MFN | High SMC: larger MFN for incompatible trials | P300: longer for incompatible position | High SMC: interference from arrow direction at slow RTs |
| Ulbl and Rakusa (2023) | SCD, MCI, AD, NC (Review of 30 studies) | Various | P300, N170 | SCD: reduced P300/N170 amplitudes in some studies | SCD: increased P300/N170 latencies in some studies | EEG: SCD showed slowing of rhythms and connectivity changes |
| Porcaro et al. (2019) | Young (n = 15), HP Old (n = 17), LP Old (n = 14) | Visual three-stimulus oddball | P3a, P3b | P3b: Young > HP > LP P3a: Young > HP, LP |
P3a, P3b: Young< HP, LP | FSS improved detection of group differences; P3b amplitude distinguished HP from LP |
| Cheng et al. (2021) | SCD (n = 26), NC (n = 29) | Not specified | MMNm | SCD < HC in left IPL and right IFG | – | MMNm amplitudes in right IFG correlated with memory performance in SCD; No GM volume differences between groups |
| Pei et al. (2020) | SCD (n = 17) | Auditory oddball | MMN | Increased at Pz after training | – | Improved WM performance, especially in auditory tone 3-back task |
| Tarawneh et al. (2023) | SMC (n = 43), non-SMC (n = 19) | Auditory oddball | P50, N100, P200, N200, P300 | – | P50: Aβ+ > Aβ-; P50 latency weakly correlated with MAC-Q scores | P50 latency may identify individuals at higher risk of cognitive decline |
| Garrido-Chaves et al. (2021) | Young SMC (n = 28), Young noSMC (n = 37), Older SMC (n = 32), Older noSMC (n = 39) | Iowa Gambling Task | FRN, P3 | FRN: Losses > Wins; Older > Young; P3: Young > Older | FRN, P3: Older > Young; FRN: Older SMC > Older noSMC for losses in first block | Older SMC showed worse behavioral performance in ambiguity phase |
| Kocagoncu et al. (2022) | CF (n = 26), NC (n = 38), MCI (n = 15), AD (n = 11) | Cross-modal oddball | MMN | CF, NC > MCI, AD for novel and associative deviants | – | CF showed similar neurophysiological profile to NC, despite poor cognitive performance |
Aβ, amyloid-β; AD, Alzheimer’s disease; AERP, auditory event-related potential; CF, cognitive frailty; DOT, dementia of other type; ERP, event-related potentials; FRN, feedback-related negativity; FSS, functional source separation; GM, gray matter; HC, healthy control; HP, high performing; IFG, inferior frontal gyrus; IPL, inferior parietal lobule; LP, low performing; MAC-Q, Memory Assessment Clinics Questionnaire; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MFN, medial frontal negativity; MMN, mismatch negativity; MMNm, magnetic mismatch negativity; NC, normal control; RT, reaction time; SCD, subjective cognitive decline; SMC, subjective memory complaints; WM, working memory.