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. 2024 Oct 18;15:1452801. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1452801

Table 1.

Baseline characterization of participants in UKB.

Variable Overall,
N = 53,016
female,
N = 28,581
male,
N = 24,435
p-value1
Age_when_attended, Mean (SD) 56.81 (8.21) 56.61 (8.10) 57.04 (8.33) <0.001
BMI, Mean (SD) 27.47 (4.80) 27.16 (5.22) 27.85 (4.24) <0.001
smoking_status, n (%) <0.001
 current 5,637 (11%) 2,559 (9.0%) 3,078 (13%)
 previous 18,568 (35%) 9,027 (32%) 9,541 (39%)
 never 28,811 (54%) 16,995 (59%) 11,816 (48%)
Alcohol_intake_frequency, n (%) <0.001
 never 4,604 (8.7%) 2,888 (10%) 1,716 (7.0%)
 occasionally 12,058 (23%) 8,097 (28%) 3,961 (16%)
 sometimes 25,656 (48%) 13,041 (46%) 12,615 (52%)
 Daily 10,698 (20%) 4,555 (16%) 6,143 (25%)
Summed_MET, Mean (SD) 2,651.18 (2,653.68) 2,567.43 (2,510.17) 2,749.14 (2,809.15) 0.001
Townsend, Mean (SD) -1.18 (3.19) -1.22 (3.12) -1.13 (3.26) 0.2
education, n (%) <0.001
 College or University degree 17,025 (32%) 8,804 (31%) 8,221 (34%)
 A levels/AS levels or equivalent 5,839 (11%) 3,379 (12%) 2,460 (10%)
 O levels/GCSEs or equivalent 10,994 (21%) 6,535 (23%) 4,459 (18%)
 CSEs or equivalent 2,837 (5.4%) 1,546 (5.4%) 1,291 (5.3%)
 NVQ or HND or HNC or equivalent 3,518 (6.6%) 1,307 (4.6%) 2,211 (9.0%)
 Other professional qualifications 2,813 (5.3%) 1,715 (6.0%) 1,098 (4.5%)
 None of the above 9,383 (18%) 4,997 (17%) 4,386 (18%)
 Prefer not to answer 607 (1.1%) 298 (1.0%) 309 (1.3%)
income, n (%) <0.001
 Less_than_18,000 13,848 (26%) 7,942 (28%) 5,906 (24%)
 18,000_to_30,999 13,975 (26%) 7,781 (27%) 6,194 (25%)
 31,000_to_51,999 12,956 (24%) 6,852 (24%) 6,104 (25%)
 52,000_to_100,000 9,659 (18%) 4,776 (17%) 4,883 (20%)
 Greater_than_100,000 2,578 (4.9%) 1,230 (4.3%) 1,348 (5.5%)
race, n (%) <0.001
 White 49,010 (92%) 26,371 (92%) 22,639 (93%)
 Asian_or_Asian_British 1,921 (3.6%) 1,162 (4.1%) 759 (3.1%)
 Black_or_Black_British 319 (0.6%) 163 (0.6%) 156 (0.6%)
 mixed 966 (1.8%) 437 (1.5%) 529 (2.2%)
 Chinese 152 (0.3%) 91 (0.3%) 61 (0.2%)
 Other ethnic group 648 (1.2%) 357 (1.2%) 291 (1.2%)
acne, n (%) 744 (1.4%) 495 (1.7%) 249 (1.0%) <0.001

1Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test.