Table 5.
Univariate analysis—the risk factors for GOS1/death, unfavourable outcome, and long-term neurological sequelae
| GOS1/death (n = 7) | Unfavourable outcome (n = 19) | Long-term neurological sequelae (n = 19) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%, CI) | P-value | OR (95%, CI) | P-value | OR (95%, CI) | P-value | |
| Demographics, prior hospital admission | ||||||
| Age ≥ 2 months | 1.15 (0.20–6.37) | 0.88 | 1.97 (0.58–6.74) | 0.28 | 0.80 (0.25–2.49) | 0.70 |
| Male | 5.05 (0.58–44.19) | 0.14 | 2.61 (0.83–8.20) | 0.10 | 1.48 (0.49–4.52) | 0.49 |
| Otitis media/acute mastoiditis or sinusitis | 0.0 (0.00–) | 1.0 | 1.14 (0.32–4.11) | 0.84 | 0.51 (0.12–2.10) | 0.35 |
| Petechia prior hospital | 13.2 (1.52–114.52) | 0.019 | 3.18 (0.42–24.29) | 0.27 | 2.17 (0.13–36.62) | 0.59 |
| Altered level of consciousness prior hospital | 11.62 (2.15–62.9) | 0.004 | 1.87 (0.48–7.26) | 0.37 | 0.0 (0.0–) | 1.0 |
| During hospital admission | ||||||
| Dyspnoea at admission | 24.43 (2.23–268.06) | 0.009 | 2.85 (0.69–11.85) | 0.15 | 0.0 (0.0–) | 1.0 |
| Seizures at admission | 8.53 (1.15–63.52) | 0.036 | 15.71 (1.63–151.88) | 0.017 | 1–12 (0.10–13.18) | 0.93 |
| Any neurological sequelae at admission | 7.97 (1.41–45.10) | 0.019 | 5.11 (1.64–15.98) | 0.005 | 0.47 (0.11–1.92) | 0.29 |
| Any neurological sequelae at admission + altered level of consciousness at admission | 12.27 (1.39–108.30) | 0.024 | 2.64 (0.89–7.82) | 0.08 | 0.27 (0.07–1.09) | 0.07 |
| Coma at admission | 11.81 (1.94–71.90) | 0.007 | 1.63 (0.27–9.71) | 0.59 | 0.0 (0.0–) | 1.0 |
| Pneumococcal aetiology | 1.6 (0.27–9.49) | 0.61 | 1.76 (0.47–6.56) | 0.40 | 0.92 (0.19–4.34) | 0.91 |
| CSF leucocyte count < 100 (× 106/L) | 13.5 (1.29 –151.28) | 0.03 | 1.18 (0.32–5.32) | 0.81 | 1.89 (0.44–8.09) | 0.39 |
| During hospital stay | ||||||
| Coma during hospital stay | 54.00 (5.66–515.64) | < 0.001 | 3.36 (0.96–11.72) | 0.057 | 3.38 (0.67–16.93) | 0.14 |
| Normal level of consciousness during hospital stay | 0.49 (0.006–0.44) | 0.007 | 0.44 (0.15–1.30) | 0.14 | 1.06 (0.28–3.98) | 0.94 |
| Seizures during hospital stay | 5.33 (1.07–26.61) | 0.041 | 4.90 (1.56–15.43) | 0.007 | 1.14 (0.63–7.93) | 0.21 |
| Any neurological sequelae during hospital stay | 1.77 (0.32–9.75) | 0.51 | 8.50 (1.80–40.17) | 0.007 | 1.67 (0.81–8.77) | 0.11 |
| Petechia during hospital stay | 6.75 (1.25–36.52) | 0.027 | 0.71 (0.14–3.81) | 0.71 | 1.09 (0.18–6.53) | 0.93 |
| Neuroradiological complication | 25 × 108 (0.0–) | 1.0 | 9.55 (1.97–46.23) | 0.005 | 1.60 (0.50–5.13) | 0.43 |
| Infarction | 2.85 (0.66–30.62) | 0.39 | 7.39 (1.22–44.88) | 0.030 | 0.50 (0.05–4.85) | 0.55 |
| Newly acquired or acerbation of hydrocephalus | 13 × 108 (0.0–) | 1.0 | 4.80 (1.23–18.67) | 0.024 | 1.47 (0.22–9.71) | 0.69 |
| SD effusion NAS | 7.60 (1.02–56.68) | 0.048 | 2.46 (0.49–12.35) | 0.27 | 0.0 (0.0–) | 1.0 |
| Adjunctive anticonvulsant treatment | 1.93 (0.34–11.17) | 0.46 | 6.30 (1.82–21.83) | 0.004 | 0.77 (0.18–3.31) | 0.73 |
| Operative treatment | 0 (0–) | 1.0 | 5.06 (1.44–17.79) | 0.012 | 2.57 (0.64–10.27) | 0.18 |
| Intensive care unit admission | 15.0 (1.70–132.64) | 0.015 | 2.92 (1.002–8.49 | 0.050 | 1.11 (0.34–3.62) | 0.86 |
Statistical significance when P < 0.05.