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. 2024 Oct 31;14:26211. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77647-5

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Panel A: Height atomic force microscopy images before and after three-hour long treatment of Escherichia coli DH5α cells - untreated viable E. coli DH5α cells upon division (white arrow), E. coli DH5α cells after treatment with a 4MIC concentration of QApCl and E. coli DH5α cells after treatment with a 4MIC concentration of QApBr. Scale bar for all AFM data is given in the first image. Panel B: Scanning electron microscopy data – untreated E. coli DH5α cells, cells treated with 16MIC concentration of QApCl and 8MIC concentration of QApBr. Scalebar corresponding to 1 μm is given below each image.

Inline graphic — Panel A: Height atomic force microscopy images before and after three-hour long treatment of Escherichia coli DH5α cells - untreated viable E. coli DH5α cells upon division (white arrow), E. coli DH5α cells after treatment with a 4MIC concentration of QApCl and E. coli DH5α cells after treatment with a 4MIC concentration of QApBr. Scale bar for all AFM data is given in the first image. Panel B: Scanning electron microscopy data – untreated E. coli DH5α cells, cells treated with 16MIC concentration of QApCl and 8MIC concentration of QApBr. Scalebar corresponding to 1 μm is given below each image.