Determination of the peptide region of AIMP1 responsible for the hair growing activity without inflammation. (a) Diagram of fragments of AIMP1. FL: Full length, N192: 1-192aa, C120: 193-312aa, TN41: 6-46aa. (b-c) β-catenin induction was tested by human DPC and ORS cells with AIMP1 full length and fragments. Human primary DPCs were treated with FL, N192, TN41, or C120 (20 nM each). Human primary ORS cell was treated with each concentration of TN41. WB were performed with each antibody. (d) Mouse back skins were depilated at PND 49, and images were taken PD10. White arrows indicate the skin regions showing inflammatory response. (e) Effects of AIMP1 fragments on TNF-α secretion from RAW 264.7 cells. (f) Effects of FL and TN41 on cytokines secretion from DPC. Media: culture medium, con: cultured medium containing vehicle. The cytokines secreted by FL but not by TN41 are in red boxes.