Table 3.
Summarized Results of Studies Focusing on Rates of Various Complications.
| Study | Type of Study | Patient population/Indications | Outcome of Interest | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kyrölä et al 2019* | Retrospective cohort study (n = 79) | Patients undergoing corrective surgery of coronal or sagittal deformity of the spine | Neural injury | Neural injury group: 0% with osteoporosis Non-neural injury group: 23.4% with osteoporosis |
| Scheer et al 2016* | Retrospective multicenter database study (n = 557) | Patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion for ASD | Overall major intra-or perioperative complications┼ | Complication group: 18.9% with osteoporosis No complication group: 10.3% with osteoporosis |
| Noh et al 2019 | Retrospective comparative study (n = 203) | Patients undergoing multilevel (≥4 levels) posterior spinal fusion for ASD | Overall mechanical complications┼ | Multivariate HR: .28 (95% CI: .14-.53, P = .0001) |
| Gupta et al 2000* | Retrospective comparative study (n = 399) | Patients undergoing long (≥7 levels) posterior spinal fusion for scoliosis | Revision surgery┼ | Bivariate OR: 1.75 (95% CI: 1.13-2.71, P = .0130) |
| Puvanesarajah et al 2016* | Retrospective database review (n = 2293) | Patients undergoing long (≥8 levels) posterolateral spinal fusion for ASD | Revision surgery┼ | 1y revision group: 12.7% with osteoporosis 2y revision group: 19.7% with osteoporosis 3y revision group: 22.0% with osteoporosis 4y revision group: 23.5% with osteoporosis 5y revision group: 23.9% with osteoporosis Multivariate OR at 5y: 1.98 (95% CI: 1.60-2.46, P < .0001) |
| Varshneya et al 2022* | Retrospective cohort study (n = 2564) | Patients undergoing long (≥7 levels) posterior spinal fusion for adult spinal scoliosis | Overall complications Revision surgery┼ Readmission Neural injury |
Complication rate: 54.6% in osteoporosis Complication rate: 49.2% in non-osteoporosis 90d revision OR: 1.1 (95% CI: .9-1.4, P = .2561) 6m revision OR: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.0-1.6, P = .0276) 1y revision OR: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.7, P = .0036) ┼ 2y revision OR: 1.6 (95% CI: 1.3-1.9, P < .001) ┼ 30d readmission OR: 1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.9, P = .0098) 60d readmission OR: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.7, P = .0221) 90d readmission OR: 1.3 (95% CI: 1.1-1.6, P = .0371) Rate of neural injury: 1.0% in osteoporosis Rate of neural injury: .8% in non-osteoporosis |
| Taliaferro et al 2021* | Retrospective state database review (n = 12 641) | Patients undergoing posterolateral lumbar fusion (≥3 levels) for degenerative spinal deformity | Revision surgery┼ Readmission┼ |
Univariate OR: 1.40 (95% CI: 1.13-1.74, P < .001) 30d readmission OR: 1.28 (95% CI: 1.12-1.45, P < .01) 90d readmission OR: 1.37 (95% CI: 1.23-1.53, P < .001) |
| Yagi et al 2011* | Retrospective database review (n = 176) | Women treated surgically for scoliosis with preoperative BMD assessment of the lumbar spine and femoral neck determined by DXA | Overall complications | Complication rate by spine T-score: 27.8% with osteoporosis; 5.9% with osteopenia; 14.9% normal Complication rate based on hip T-score: 10.5% with osteoporosis; 12.6% with osteopenia; 15.7% normal |
* = included in meta-analysis.
┼ = statistically significant relationship between outcome and osteoporosis (P < .05).