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. 2025 Jan 24;16(1):99240. doi: 10.5306/wjco.v16.i1.99240

Table 2.

Hazard ratios (95%CIs) for all-cause mortality between new users of proton pump inhibitors compared with non-users

Outcome
PPI-users
(n = 48452)
Non-users
(n = 48452)
HR (95%CI)
At 1 year 8888 3272 2.72 (2.61-2.83)
At 2 years 13719 5276 2.66 (2.58-2.74)
Overall outcome during follow-up 23421 11656 2.34 (2.29-2.42)

PPI: Proton pump inhibitor; HR: Hazard ratio.