Table 1.

Characteristics of Included Studies

Author (date published)	Study title	Study type	Intervention sample size a , population	Comparator sample size, comparator type	Primary study objective	Intervention setting, recruitment site	Study eligibility
Baltaci et al. (2022)	Padres Preparados, Jóvenes Saludables: intervention impact of a randomized controlled trial on Latino father and adolescent energy balance-related behaviors	Two-armed randomized controlled trial	N = 77, Target population consisted of Hispanic adult men and adolescents	N = 70, Delayed treatment-control group	To assess whether Latino father and adolescent energy balance related behaviors (diet and physical activity behaviors), father BMI, and adolescent BMI percentile differed from baseline to postintervention.	Intervention was held at Minneapolis and St. Paul metropolitan area, in community centers. Recruitment was conducted at local community service centers, churches, and through social media.	Inclusion criteria for fathers/caregivers: Identifying as Latino, speaking Spanish, and having meals at least three times a week with their adolescent.
Frediani et al. (2021)	Metabolic Changes After a 24-Week Soccer-Based Adaptation of the Diabetes Prevention Program in Hispanic Males: A One-Arm Pilot Clinical Trial	Pilot cohort trial	N = 25, Target population consisted of Hispanic adult men.	N/A	To determine feasibility, safety, and the cardiometabolic effects of a lifestyle intervention (adapted National Diabetes Prevention Program [NDPP] plus recreational soccer) for a cohort of Latino men.	Intervention was held at a local soccer field in Atlanta, GA. Recruitment was conducted from local Atlanta area Latino organizations using social media, emails, and fliers.	Inclusion Criteria: Hispanic/Latino men aged 35–55 years, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, elevated risk for diabetes (a score ≥9 in the Center for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] prediabetes risk calculator), not engaged in regular soccer practice or other physical activity or lifestyle intervention program in the last year, ability to read in English or Spanish and to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: Reported type 2 diabetes diagnosis or medication, BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2, resting blood pressure ≥170/100 at screening, any mobility issues or contraindications for high intensity interval training (HIIT) physical activity program.
Garcia et al. (2018)	A gender- and culturally sensitive weight loss intervention for Hispanic males: The ANIMO randomized controlled trial pilot study protocol and recruitment methods	Pilot two-armed randomized controlled trial	N = 20, Target population consisted of Hispanic adult men.	N = 23, Waitlist control	Test the effects, feasibility, and acceptability of a gender- and culturally sensitive weight loss intervention among Hispanic men compared to a waitlist control group.	Intervention was conducted at The University of Arizona Collaboratory for Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment, in Tucson AZ. Site is in an underserved area of Tucson. Recruitment occurred at local swap meets/outdoor marketplaces in Tucson, through family and friend referral, and through social media.	Inclusion Criteria: Self-identify as Hispanic, age 18–64 years, BMI 25–50 kg/m2, ability to provide informed consent and complete health risk assessment prior to participation, speak, read, and write English and/or Spanish. Exclusion Criteria: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, history of bariatric surgery, reported medical condition or treatment that could affect body weight or ability to engage in structured physical activity, congestive heart failure, angina, uncontrolled arrhythmia, resting systolic blood pressure of ≥150 mmHg or resting diastolic blood pressure of ≥100 mmHg, eating disorder, alcohol or substance abuse, psychological issues under current treatment, exercise on ≥3 days per week for ≥20 min per day over the past 3 months, weight loss of ≥5% or participation in a weight reduction diet program in the past 3 months, circumstances prohibiting attendance to all scheduled assessments.
Gary-Webb et al. (2018)	Translation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program to Engage Men in Disadvantaged Neighborhoods in New York City: A Description of Power Up for Health	Pilot, one-armed trial	N = 8 Target population consisted of adult men of any race or ethnicity.	N/A	To adapt the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP) curriculum to be more relevant to men from disadvantaged neighborhoods and to implement a pilot study in recreation centers in disadvantaged neighborhoods.	Intervention was held in local New York City Parks recreation centers across New York City. These sites were in disadvantaged neighborhoods with predominantly low-income residents. Recruitment sites included local businesses and barbershops, senior centers, libraries, schools, community organizations, and residencies near recreation centers.	Inclusion Criteria: 18 years or older, BMI of 25 kg/m2 or higher, not previously diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Must also have one of the following: A blood test results in the prediabetes range within the past year OR received a high-risk result (score of 5 or higher) on the Prediabetes Risk Test (ADA).
Guerrero et al. (2023)	A Hybrid Mobile Phone Feasibility Study Focusing on Latino Mothers, Fathers, and Grandmothers to Prevent Obesity in Preschoolers	Pilot, one-armed trial	N = 34 Target population consisted of Hispanic men, women, and children.	N/A	To pilot the feasibility of a mobile phone childhood obesity intervention for family caregivers of Latino preschool-aged children.	Recruitment occurred at Women, Infants, and Children and Early Education Centers in East Los Angeles.	Inclusion Criteria: Self-identified as an individual of Latino descent, had a 2- to 5-year-old child/grandchild, lived with or cared for the child/grandchild at least 20 h/week (where the relationship did not have to be biological), spoke Spanish or English, and had the ability and willingness to participate in the intervention and agreed to complete the baseline and post-baseline data collection protocols. Exclusion Criteria: Child had a medical condition related to overweight status such as Prader-Willi Syndrome, was taking weight loss medication, or was concurrently participating in a weight loss program.
Mitchell et al. (2015)	Pasos Saludables: A Pilot Randomized Intervention Study to Reduce Obesity in an Immigrant Farmworker Population	Pilot randomized controlled trial	Total recruited Hispanic men: N = 71 N of Hispanic men in intervention group unspecified Target population consisted of Hispanic men and women.	N of Hispanic men unspecified Waitlist control	Evaluate the efficacy of a workplace-based diet and physical activity intervention among a Latino farmworker population, evaluated as a reduction of measures of obesity and blood glucose, behavioral changes, and participant satisfaction.	Intervention was delivered at farm sponsored clinic sites. Recruitment occurred at two workplace locations of a California berry grower in Oxnard and Watsonville.	Inclusion Criteria: Current farmworker employed by the grower with which study staff was collaborating, age 18 – 60 years, BMI 20 - 38 kg/m2, intention to remain in area for 6 months, willingness to attend 10 weekly sessions, ability to speak and read Spanish at a basic level, enrolment in medical insurance. Exclusion Criteria: Diagnosis of diabetes, currently pregnant, breastfeeding, or trying to conceive, participating in therapeutic diets or taking medications that affect weight, any medical condition that limits activity, have a spouse/cohabitant enrolled in study.
O’Connor et al. (2020)	Feasibility of Targeting Hispanic Fathers and Children in an Obesity Intervention: Papas Saludables Ninos Saludables	Pilot, two-arm randomized controlled trial	N = 14 Target population consisted of Hispanic adult male “father figures” and their child.	N = 13 Waitlist control	To test the feasibility of the culturally adapted Papás Saludables Ninos Saludables program and research protocol among low-income Hispanic children and fathers.	Intervention and recruitment were conducted at Texas Children’s Health Plan (TCHP) Center for Children and Women primary care clinics in Houston, TX. TCHP is a Medicaid and CHIP provider with majority of clinic patients identifying as Hispanic.	Inclusion Criteria: Male “father-figure”, self-identified as Hispanic or Latino, of a 5 –11-year-old child, able to read or write in Spanish or English, BMI between 25 and 40 kg/m2. Exclusion Criteria: BMI over 40 kg/m2, did not pass the 2015 American College of Sports Medicine exercise participation health screening, a medical clearance deemed necessary and not provided, a disease affecting dietary intake, physical activity, cognitive functioning, or psychiatric functioning.
Rocha-Goldberg et al. (2010)	Hypertension Improvement Project (HIP) Latino: results of a pilot study of lifestyle intervention for lowering blood pressure in Latino adults	Pilot cohort trial	N = 7 Target population consisted of Hispanic adult men and women.	N/A	To assess the feasibility of a culturally tailored behavioral intervention aimed at improving hypertension-related health behaviors in Hispanic/Latino adults.	Intervention was conducted in Durham, NC, at the Lincoln Community Health Center (a federally funded primary care clinic serving many low-income Hispanics/Latinos) and El Centro Hispano (ECH) (a community organization for the local Hispanic/Latino population). Recruitment occurred through health care provider referral, as well as at Hispanic/Latino businesses, organizations, and health fairs. Printed media advertisements were placed in Spanish newspapers.	Inclusion Criteria: Hispanic/Latino men and women, age 18 years or older, Spanish as their primary language, presence of prehypertension or hypertension (defined as BP 120/80 mmHg) or taking antihypertensive medication. Exclusion criteria: Pregnant or nursing, inability to attend the intervention sessions.
Rosas et al. (2015)	The Effectiveness of Two Community-Based Weight Loss Strategies among Obese, Low-Income US Latinos	Three-arm randomized controlled trial	Case Management (CM): N = 20 Case Management + Community Health Worker (CM + CHW): N = 19 Target population consisted of male and female Hispanic adults.	N = 9 Offered modified CM intervention after follow-up period.	Evaluate the effect of intensive lifestyle interventions for weight loss among Latino immigrants and determine whether community health care workers provide additional benefits.	Intervention and recruitment were conducted at the Fair Oaks Clinic in San Mateo County, CA, located in a neighborhood with a high prevalence of low-income Hispanic individuals. Home visits were also conducted for CM + CHW participants.	Inclusion Criteria: Spanish-speaking male and female patients using the Fair Oaks clinic and residing in the neighborhood, BMI 30–60 kg/m2 and one or more coronary heart disease risk factors. Exclusion Criteria: Unwilling to attempt weight loss, serious, unstable medical conditions or other circumstances that would inhibit engagement in the intervention or retention over the 2 years of follow-up (uncontrolled psychiatric disorders, advanced heart failure, uncontrolled substance abuse, pregnant, planned move, or refusal of home visits).
Rosas et al. (2022)	HOMBRE: A Trial Comparing 2 Weight Loss Approaches for Latino Men	Investigator-blinded randomized controlled trial	N = 186 Target population included Hispanic adult men.	N = 180 12-month self-directed lifestyle change program.	Compare in-person to virtual intervention approaches for sustaining clinically significant weight loss (>5%) at 18 months among overweight or obese Latino men.	Intervention was delivered online and in person at family and internal medicine clinics in Northern California. Recruitment was conducted at these same clinic sites.	Inclusion Criteria: Self-identified as Latino, BMI ≥27 kg/m2, 1 or more cardiometabolic risk factors. Exclusion Criteria: Severe psychiatric or medical comorbidities.
Singh et al. (2020)	Incorporating an Increase in Plant-Based Food Choices into a Model of Culturally Responsive Care for Hispanic/Latino Children and Adults Who Are Overweight/Obese	Cohort trial	N = 13 Target population consisted of Hispanic male and female adults and children.	N/A	To examine whether the Healthy Eating Lifestyle (HELP) intervention prevented an increase in adiposity levels in obese/overweight children and parents and to determine strengths, weaknesses, effectiveness, and opportunities for the HELP program through a stakeholder analysis of program staff.	Intervention was conducted at the Department of Family Medicine and Diabetes Education of Adventist Health White Memorial (AH-WMMC) Medical Center in the East LA catchment area. The primary method for recruitment was pediatric referral from the AH-WMMC service area. Other methods included flyers and advertisements in the AH-WMMC system, hospital magazines, and news outlets (television, paper).	Inclusion Criteria: A parent of an obese/overweight child 5–12 years of age, no medical restrictions for both child and parent to participate in the HELP diet and physical activity intervention. No family members were excluded from participation.
West et al. (2008)	Weight loss of black, white, and Hispanic men and women in the Diabetes Prevention Program	Randomized controlled trial	Lifestyle intervention: N = 41 Metformin: N = 34 b Target population consisted of adult men and women of multiple racial and ethnic groups.	N = 44 Standard lifestyle recommendations + placebo provided.	Evaluate weight loss outcomes for African American, Hispanic, and white men and women in the lifestyle and metformin treatment arms of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) by race-gender group to facilitate researchers translating similar interventions to minority populations, as well as to provide realistic weight loss expectations for clinicians.	Intervention delivered at 27 clinical centers, with specific intervention and recruitment settings varying by site.	Inclusion: BMI of ≥24 kg/m2, age ≥25 years, impaired glucose tolerance (plasma glucose concentration of 95–125 mg/dl in fasting state and 140–199 mg/dl 2 hours after a 75-g oral glucose load).

Note. BMI = body mass index; NDPP = National Diabetes Prevention Program; CDC = Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; HIIT = high intensity interval training; TCHP = Texas Children’s Health Plan; ECH = El Centro Hispano; CHW = community health worker; AH-WMMC = Adventist Health White Memorial Medial Center.

^aReported sample sizes are for target populations consisting of Hispanic adult men specifically, unless otherwise noted. ^b Data not included in this analysis given our focus on behavioral interventions.