Table 2.
Methodological quality assessment using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for cross-sectional studies.
| Report citation | Inclusion criteria defined | Participants and setting described | Describes the use of valid and reliable exposure (physical activity) measure | PD diagnostic criteria used | Confounding factors identified | Strategies used to deal with confounding factors | Describes the use of valid and reliable outcome (non-motor symptom) measures | Appropriate statistical analyses used | Total score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alwardat et al. (2019) 73 | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 87.5%* |
| Cerff et al. (2017) 74 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 100%* |
| Donahue et al. (2022) 75 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 100%* |
| Dontje et al. (2013) 76 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 100%* |
| Ellingson et al. (2017) 78 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | 87.5%* |
| Leavy et al. (2021) 80 | Y | Y | Y | U | Y | Y | Y | Y | 87.5%* |
| Loprinzi et al. (2018) 81 | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 100%* |
| Nguy et al. (2020) 83 | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 100%* |
| Shih et al. (2019) 85 | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | 87.5%* |
Abbreviations: Y = yes; N = no; U = unclear. Identification of confounding factors was rated ‘Y’ if typical confounders, such as age, gender, Levodopa dosage equivalent, disease duration, and motor symptom severity, were identified and measured. The use of valid and reliable measures was rated ‘Y’ if psychometric properties have been previously evaluated and shown acceptable levels in people with Parkinson's disease. Study quality is defined as follows: a total score greater than 70% as high quality, a score between 50% and 70% as medium quality, and a score less than 50% as low quality. *High quality articles, >70%.