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Production of ROS. (A) Tissue sections of small airways and alveoli were stained with DHE (pink) and nuclear staining was done with DAPI (blue), (B) Fluorescence intensity of DHE from each group. Bars represent the mean ± SEM of results (n = 6). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DHE, dihydroethidium; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PM, particulate matter. *: p < 0.05, ns: non-significant
