Table 1.
Participant characteristics
| Characteristic | Group; Mean (SD) | Statistical Test | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, n = 241 | Female, n = 472 | t-test a /chi-squared test b | ||
| Age | 72.3 (7.44) | 72.8 (7.59) | -0.93a | 0.35 |
| Participants aged < = 65 years old (%) | 49 (20.3%) | 87 (18.4%) | 0.26b | 0.61 |
| Years of Education | 10.4 (4.74) | 7.04 (4.54) | 9.04a | < 0.001 |
| BMIa | 23.9 (3.03) | 24.0 (3.31) | -0.41a | 0.68 |
| HbA1cb, % mmol/mol | 6.12 (1.04) | 5.98 (0.89) | -1.80a | 0.073 |
| log(TSH)c, mIU/L | 0.51 (0.82) | 0.46 (0.97) | -0.78a | 0.43 |
| log(Homocysteine)d, umol/L | 2.69 (0.445) | 2.50 (0.36) | -5.57a | < 0.001 |
| Global 18 F-flutemetamol SUVRe | 0.68 (0.15) | 0.67 (0.15) | -0.93a | 0.35 |
| ‡APOE ɛ4 positive, N (%) | 80 (33.2%) | 135 (28.6%) | 1.39b | 0.24 |
| Hypertension, N (%) | 132 (54.8%) | 256 (54.2%) | 0.0031b | 0.96 |
| Diabetes, N (%) | 67 (27.8%) | 93 (19.7%) | 5.6b | 0.018 |
| Smoker, N (%) | 152 (63.1%) | 23 (4.9%) | 288.64b | < 0.001 |
| Cognitive Diagnosis, n (%) | 1.38b | 0.50 | ||
| No cognitive decline | n = 5 (2.1%) | n = 5 (1.1%) | ||
| MCI | n = 138 (57.3%) | n = 281 (59.5%) | ||
| Dementia | n = 98 (40.7%) | n = 186 (39.4%) | ||
| Cardiovascular Risk Factors | ||||
| Pulse Pressure, mmHg | 75.8 (12.4) | 76.0 (11.6) | -0.24a | 0.81 |
| Systolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 130.7 (17.3) | 134.6 (19.3) | -2.71a | 0.0070 |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure, mmHg | 76.0 (12.1) | 76.7 (11.5) | -0.70a | 0.48 |
| LDL-C, mg/dL | 92.7 (33.3) | 104 (38.8) | 4.10a | < 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mg/dL, M (SD) | 51.6 (14.1) | 58.3 (14.8) | 5.89a | < 0.001 |
Unless otherwise indicated
aBMI information is available for all males and 471 out of 472 female participants
bHbA1c is available for 231 out of 241 male participants and 453 out of 472 female participants
cTSH is available for all male participants and 470 out of 472 female participants
dHomocysteine is available for 224 out of 241 male participants and 434 out of 472 female participants
eGlobal 18 F-flutemetamol SUVR is available for 209 out of 241 male participants and 435 out of 472 female participants
†WMHV expressed as log(cm3/Intracranial volume)
‡ APOE ɛ4 positive: 2/4, 3/4, 4/4
BMI, Body mass index; DBP, Diastolic blood pressure; HDL-C, High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; SBP, Systolic blood pressure; WMHV, White matter hyperintensity volume; TSH, Thyroid-stimulating hormone; SCD, Subjective cognitive decline; MCI, Mild cognitive impairment; AD, Alzheimer’s Disease; SUVR, Standard uptake value ratio; APOE, Apolipoprotein