Sequence and secondary structures of minimized E.coli tRNAleu variants. (A) tRNAleu and truncated variants lacking either the anticodon domain (ΔAC) or the extra-long variable stem and loop (ΔVL). The symbols used for important tRNAleu tertiary interactions are: squares, G19:C56; circles, G18:U55; diamonds, A15:U48; and pentagons, U8:A14. (B) Truncated variants with combined deletions of the anticodon domain and variable loop (ΔACVL). Each RNA substrate varies only by the number and sequence of nucleotides in the linker region to replace the anticodon and variable loop domains. Specifically, tRNAleu-ΔACVL1, tRNAleu-ΔACVL2 and tRNAleu-ΔACVL3 have 4 nt (UCGU), 6 nt (UGCUAA) and 6 nt (UUCUUA), respectively. (C) Minimalist RNA molecules (ΔACDL4–7) replace the anticodon and D-stem–loops with polyuridine linkers that range from 4 to 7 nt. (D) Leucine minihelix is comprised of the acceptor stem and the TψC stem–loop (Minileu).