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. 2024 Sep 18;16(1):2397058. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2397058

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© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 2. — Continuous culture growth of three POR (blue) and three CARB (red) strains under anaerobic conditions. Panel a gives the optical density of cultures in steady state and during butyrate wash-in (separated by the dashed line; calculated butyrate concentration is shown as solid black line). Sampling points for RNASeq (R1-R3) and glucose measurements (G1-G3) are indicated. The amount of residual glucose concentrations in reactors is displayed in panel b (the mean and standard deviation are given based on replicate (n = 2) measurements for each culture). Statistical calculations are based on two-way ANOVA analyses with Tukey’s HSD post-hoc testing, where “butyrate” refers to the effect of butyrate, “group” describes the effect of the resistance mechanism and “butyrate:group” gives their interaction. *, **, ***; p < .05, p < .01, p < .001.