| Catechin |
Prostate cancer |
In vitro: the
human prostate cancer cell line
PC3 |
Inhibited tumor growth in PC3 cells |
(135) |
| |
|
|
Induced apoptosis
by inhibiting Bcl-2 and activating caspases-3,8,9 |
|
| Puerarin |
Breast
cancer |
In vivo: triple-negative breast
cancer model |
Puerarin NEs downregulated the production
of ROS in the activated
myofibroblast |
(136) |
| Chalcones |
Leukemia |
In vitro: Monkey kidney epithelial cells (VERO)
and acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells (L1210) |
Chalcones-loaded NE induced higher toxicity and exhibited
antileukemic
effect in VERO cells |
(137) |
| Catechin |
Prostate cancer |
In vitro: DU-145 cell line; in vivo: mouse
model |
Induced apoptosis by activating caspases-3,8,9, arrested (S- and G2/M)-cell cycle
phases |
(122) |
| Naringenin |
Lung cancer |
In vitro: A549 lung cancer cell line |
Reduced the expression of Bcl2, increased activity of pro-apoptotic
mediator’s caspase-3 and Bax |
(119) |
| Genistein |
Oral cancer |
In vitro: human tongue squamous cell carcinoma
(SCC-4 cell line) cells and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (FaDu
cell line) cells |
GT-loaded NE improved the pharmacokinetic
profile enhancing
the drug’s bioavailability and prolonging release profile |
(138) |
| Quercetin |
Leukemia |
– |
Exhibited cytotoxic and cytostatic effects and bonded to ABCB1
at the similar region to that of verapamil |
(120) |
| Hesperidin |
Breast cancer |
In vitro: MCF-7 cell line |
Improved
the drug’s solubility and enhanced bioavailability |
(118) |
| |
|
|
Arrested the cell
cycle (G2/M-phase), further induced apoptosis
by downregulating the expression of miR-22 and miR-155 |
|
| Silymarin |
Hepatocellular carcinoma |
In vitro:
Human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2
and Chang liver cell line |
Silymarin-loaded NEs reduced
the cell viability, while increasing
ROS production and initiated chromatin condensation |
(139) |
| |
|
|
Pharmacokinetic
parameters (a) decreased: viscosity and Tmax; (b) parameters increased: drug release,
AUC, and Cmax
|
|
| Genkwanin |
Colorectal cancer |
In vivo: colitis-associated colorectal cancer
(CAC) mouse models |
Enhanced the drug’s solubility
and intestinal permeability
improving its bioavailability |
(140) |
| |
|
|
Induced apoptosis by
decreasing the cytokines levels, inhibiting
tumor growth |
|
| Phenolic acids
from date palm extracts |
Breast and hepatocellular cancer |
In vitro: MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines |
Reduced cell viability of treated MCF-7 and HepG2 cell lines |
(141) |
| Phenols and Quercetin |
Melanoma and lung adenocarcinoma |
In vitro: human skin melanoma (G361) and lung
adenocarcinoma (A549) cell line |
Induced apoptosis and
arresting cell cycle by exhibiting antiproliferative
activity against G361 and A549 cell lines |
(142) |
| Naringin |
Lung adenocarcinoma |
In vitro: A549 cell line |
Exhibited improved
cytotoxicity on the A549 cell line |
(143) |
| |
|
|
Bioaccumulation at secondary
sites (potential sites for lung
cancer metastasizing) were significantly higher |
|
| Epigallocatechin gallate |
Lung cancer |
In vitro: H1299 cell line |
Exhibited
a improved antitumor activity, with MMP-2 and MMP-9 as
the possible mechanisms for inhibition of tumor growth |
(144) |
| Resveratrol |
Breast cancer |
In vivo: chick chorioallantoic membrane assay |
Enhanced the anticancer and antiangiogenic activity |
(129) |
| Resveratrol |
Pancreatic cancer |
In vitro: BxPC-3 cell line |
Induced apoptosis in BxPC-3 cell
line by upregulating the expressions of p53 and p21, while it downregulated
the CDK1 and CDK2 expression |
(133) |
| Pterostilbene |
– |
– |
Improved the
stability and solubility of pterostilbene |
(145) |
| Enterolactone |
Breast cancer |
In
vitro: MDA-MB-231 cell |
Suppressed proliferation, relocation, and metastasis of MDA-MB-231
breast cancer cells |
(146) |
