TABLE 1.
Patient characteristics in the PINC AI™ Healthcare Database.
| All hospitalizations a | Treated sample a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All CRS | Low‐grade (i.e., grade 1) | High‐grade (i.e., grade ≥2) | Unspecified CRS | All CRS | Low‐grade (i.e., grade 1) | High‐grade (i.e., grade ≥2) | Unspecified CRS | |
| N = 7388 | N = 860 | N = 2014 | N = 4514 | N = 146 | N = 81 | N = 52 | N = 13 | |
| Age, mean ± SD [median] | 61.0 ± 15.7 [62.0] | 58.5 ± 15.9 [60.0] | 61.2 ± 15.7 [63.0] | 61.4 ± 15.6 [63.0] | 56.9 ± 15.7 [61.0] | 57.8 ± 14.9 [61.0] | 56.8 ± 17.0 [63.0] | 51.8 ± 15.6 [55.0] |
| Race, n (%) | ||||||||
| White | 5242 (71) | 719 (84) | 1580 (78) | 2943 (65) | 109 (75) | 58 (72) | 43 (83) | 8 (62) |
| Black | 1299 (18) | 86 (10) | 223 (11) | 990 (22) | 8 (5) | 4 (5) | 4 (8) | 0 (0) |
| Other | 632 (9) | 51 (6) | 199 (10) | 382 (8) | 25 (17) | 17 (21) | 3 (6) | 5 (38) |
| Unknown | 215 (3) | 4 (0) | 12 (1) | 199 (4) | 4 (3) | 2 (2) | 2 (4) | 0 (0) |
| Female, n (%) | 3234 (44) | 423 (49) | 894 (44) | 1917 (42) | 49 (34) | 22 (27) | 19 (37) | 8 (62) |
| Hospital census region, n (%) | ||||||||
| South | 5025 (68) | 640 (74) | 1574 (78) | 2811 (62) | 57 (39) | 31 (38) | 23 (44) | 3 (23) |
| Midwest | 1278 (17) | 139 (16) | 150 (7) | 989 (22) | 29 (20) | 17 (21) | 12 (23) | 0 (0) |
| West | 727 (10) | 25 (3) | 269 (13) | 433 (10) | 25 (17) | 10 (12) | 10 (19) | 5 (38) |
| Northeast | 358 (5) | 56 (7) | 21 (1) | 281 (6) | 35 (24) | 23 (28) | 7 (13) | 5 (38) |
| Primary payer type, n (%) | ||||||||
| Medicare | 3390 (46) | 340 (40) | 929 (46) | 2121 (47) | 51 (35) | 33 (41) | 15 (29) | 3 (23) |
| Commercial | 2614 (35) | 308 (36) | 695 (35) | 1611 (36) | 45 (31) | 26 (32) | 16 (31) | 3 (23) |
| Medicaid | 804 (11) | 120 (14) | 248 (12) | 436 (10) | 26 (18) | 11 (14) | 9 (17) | 6 (46) |
| Other | 580 (8) | 92 (11) | 142 (7) | 346 (8) | 24 (16) | 11 (14) | 12 (23) | 1 (8) |
| Year of admission, n (%) | ||||||||
| 2020 | 1588 (21) | 46 (5) | 122 (6) | 1420 (31) | 43 (29) | 20 (25) | 17 (33) | 6 (46) |
| 2021 | 5800 (79) | 814 (95) | 1892 (94) | 3094 (69) | 103 (71) | 61 (75) | 35 (67) | 7 (54) |
| Quan‐CCI b , c mean ± SD [median] | 1.9 ± 2.1 [1.0] | 1.8 ± 2.0 [1.0] | 1.9 ± 2.1 [1.0] | 2.0 ± 2.1 [1.0] | 2.8 ± 1.4 [2.0] | 2.9 ± 1.6 [2.0] | 2.7 ± 1.1 [2.0] | 3.0 ± 1.2 [3.0] |
| COVID‐19 d , n (%) | 6900 (93) | 678 (79) | 1916 (95) | 4306 (95) | 7 (5) | 4 (5) | 1 (2) | 2 (15) |
| Length of stay (days), mean ± SD [median] | 11.2 ± 11.5 [7.0] | 6.2 ± 8.0 [4.0] | 10.4 ± 9.5 [7.0] | 12.6 ± 12.6 [8.0] | 15.2 ± 11.3 [14.0] | 15.8 ± 12.9 [15.0] | 14.0 ± 7.1 [14.0] | 15.8 ± 14.9 [12.0] |
Abbreviations: CRS, cytokine release syndrome; ICD‐10‐CM, International Classification of Disease, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification; Quan‐CCI, Quan Charlson Comorbidity Index; SD, standard deviation.
Stays were classified as their highest known grade during the hospitalization. Classifications are mutually exclusive.
Quan‐CCI was assessed over the hospitlaization.
Reference: Quan, H., Li, B., Couris, C. M., Fushimi, K., Graham, P., Hider, P., Januel, J. M., & Sundararajan, V. (2011). Updating and validating the Charlson comorbidity index and score for risk adjustment in hospital discharge abstracts using data from 6 countries. American Journal of Epidemiology, 173(6), 676–682.
COVID‐19 was identified using ICD‐10‐CM codes: U00, U07.1, U09, U49, U50, U85, B97.29, B34.2, J12.82, Z86.16 used during hospitalizations with admission dates on or after January 18th 2020 (i.e. first lab‐confirmed COVID‐19 case in the United States).