Table 1.
Participant characteristics.
|
|
Entire sample (N=33,492) | Anxiety sample (baseline GAD-7a ≥8) (N=30,006) | Depression sample (baseline PHQ-9b ≥10) (N=22,070) | |||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 33.67 (9.51) | 33.60 (9.44) | 33.59 (9.65) | |||
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Female | 21,217 (63.35) | 19,061 (63.52) | 13,945 (63.19) | ||
|
|
Male | 10,547 (31.49) | 9385 (31.28) | 6929 (31.40) | ||
|
|
Nonbinary | 295 (0.88) | 264 (0.88) | 236 (1.07) | ||
|
|
Other | 262 (0.78) | 229 (0.76) | 191 (0.87) | ||
|
|
Missing/unknown | 1171 (3.50) | 1067 (3.56) | 769 (3.48) | ||
| Race and ethnicity, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Asian or Pacific Islander | 5401 (16.13) | 4867 (16.22) | 3417 (15.48) | ||
|
|
Black or African American | 3026 (9.03) | 2704 (9.01) | 2169 (9.83) | ||
|
|
Hispanic or Latino | 3709 (11.07) | 3335 (11.11) | 2638 (11.95) | ||
|
|
Multiple | 2687 (8.02) | 2392 (7.97) | 1837 (8.32) | ||
|
|
Other | 683 (2.04) | 633 (2.11) | 452 (2.05) | ||
|
|
White | 17,347 (51.79) | 15,506 (51.68) | 11,131 (50.43) | ||
|
|
Prefer not to disclose/missing | 639 (1.91) | 569 (1.90) | 426 (1.93) | ||
| Baseline GAD-7 severity, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Minimal (0-4) | 918 (2.74) | N/Ac | 918 (4.16) | ||
|
|
Mild/below clinical cutoff (5-7)d | 2568 (7.67) | N/Ac | 2568 (11.64) | ||
|
|
Mild/above clinical cutoff (8-9)d | 6296 (18.8) | 6296 (20.98) | 2531 (11.47) | ||
|
|
Moderate (10-14) | 13,298 (39.71) | 13,298 (44.32) | 7684 (34.82) | ||
|
|
Severe (15-21) | 10,412 (31.09) | 10,412 (34.70) | 8369 (37.92) | ||
| Baseline PHQ-9 severity, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Minimal (0-4) | 2748 (8.20) | 2748 (9.16) | N/A | ||
|
|
Mild (5-9) | 8674 (25.90) | 8674 (28.91) | N/A | ||
|
|
Moderate (10-14) | 11,977 (35.76) | 9430 (31.43) | 11,977 (54.27) | ||
|
|
Moderately severe (15-19) | 6996 (20.89) | 6196 (20.65) | 6996 (31.70) | ||
|
|
Severe (20-27) | 3097 (9.25) | 2958 (9.86) | 3097 (14.03) | ||
| Baseline GAD-7, mean (SD) | 12.28 (4.26) | 13.08 (3.70) | 12.67 (4.71) | |||
| Baseline PHQ-9, mean (SD) | 11.85 (5.35) | 11.71 (5.54) | 14.80 (3.91) | |||
| Final GAD-7, mean (SD) | 6.04 (4.46) | 6.25 (4.51) | 6.44 (4.69) | |||
| Final PHQ-9, mean (SD) | 5.82 (4.93) | 5.83 (4.98) | 6.89 (5.21) | |||
| Treatment duration in weeks, median (IQR) | 8.00 (4.00-12.71) | 8.00 (4.00-12.57) | 7.86 (3.86-12.43) | |||
aGAD-7: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale.
bPHQ-9: Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item scale.
cN/A: not applicable; no participants scored in this range within the participant subsample.
dTo be included in the anxiety sample, clients were required to have a GAD-7 score above the clinical cutoff of 8 or higher. The mild severity category was therefore split to distinguish between those above and below the clinical cutoff.